1. World War I

2. ENTRY #33 As you watch the film today, answer the following questions:
How was World War I different from wars before?
What caused the War?
What were some of the effects of the War?

3. Europe, Before WWI
Europe, After WWI
Was it worth10 million dead and 20 million more casualties?

4. The Setup Militarism: Glorification of military and warfare
Naval arms race between the Germans and the British.
Imperial competition created tension
Elaborate and far- reaching system of alliances, including imperial holdings
Total Defense Spending of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Britain, France & Russia (in million £)
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398

5. Important Alliances The Triple Entente (“The Allies”):
France, Russia, Great Britain
(on the side of Serbia) VS
The Triple Alliance
(“Central Powers”/“The Axis”):
Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary
(plus Ottoman Empire)

6. Green: Allied Powers
Yellow: Central/Axis Powers

7. The Beginning
The beginning of the conflict was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. (6/28/1914)
Austria declared war on Serbia, invoking a series of alliances to jump into the war…a domino effect.

8. Opening Fighting Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia (7/27/1914)
Russia ordered mobilization of troops in defense of ally, Serbia (7/29/1914)
Germany, ally of Austria, declared war on Russia, (8/1/1914)
Germany then attacked France, ally of Russia, through Belgium (Schlieflen Plan) (8/3/1914)
Britain then declared war on Germany over attack on ally, France/Belgium (8/4/1914)
Note: Italy did not jump in on “their side”
This all took about 2 weeks…”The Guns of August”

9. Schlieffen Plan

10. The Fighting
The fighting on the Western Front primarily occurred in France and Belgium…a near stalemate
Most of it “fought” in Trenches…about 12,000 zigzagging, barb-wire-lined trenches on each side facing each other

12. Trench Foot

13. New technology made this war different…
Machine Guns & Massive Artillery

14. Airplanes in Battle
Tanks to cross trenches

15. Poison Gas

16. Total War
Total war is a war in which a “belligerent” engages in the complete mobilization of every available resource and member of the population.
In the mid-19th century, "total war" was identified by scholars as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, there is less differentiation between combatants and civilians than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent effort

17. While WWI did not include much of surface naval war, much was accomplished below the surface, by submarines….Enter the United States