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An instrument for magnifying very small objects

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Presentation on theme: "An instrument for magnifying very small objects"— Presentation transcript:

1 http://users.adelphia.net/~vtcraig/

2 An instrument for magnifying very small objects http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmicroscope.htm

3 The first compound microscope was created by Zacharias Janssen Developed in late sixteenth century Capable of magnifying images: –approximately three times when fully closed –up to ten times when extended to the maximum http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/museum/janssen.html

4 Cells are alive! All cells come from other cells. All living things are made up of cells… even if it is just one.

5 http://cell.sio2.be/introduction/images/cells.jpg What he saw… http://www.mcrit.com/COMSOC/persones_tecniques/Robert_Hooke_archivos/Robert_Hooke.jpg

6 http://www.brianjford.com/wbbrownb.htm http://cip-lx0.physik.uni-siegen.de/~klose/beruehmt/brown_robert_small.jpg http://tiger.towson.edu/~cfanel1/istc301/nucleus.jpg

7 Stereo Compound light Brightfield Darkfield Phase contrast Fluorescence TEM SEM http://www.louisville.edu/medschool/anatomy/faculty/microscope-cartoon.gif

8 http://www.martinmicroscope.com/MicroscopePages/Stereomicroscopes.htm Also called dissecting microscopes Made of two compound microscopes which focus on the same point from different angles Low power – cannot see single cells The specimen is viewed in three dimensions The image is upright and laterally correct (not upside down and backwards) http://www.microscope-world.com/images/416-microscope.jpg http://www.umanitoba.ca/Biology/lab1/biolab1 _ 4.html# http://www.ust.hk/~webspade/introduction/Stereomicroscope_eg3.jpg

9 The most commonly used Can view individual cells- even living ones! Image is 2-Dimensional It has high magnification yet low resolution Capable of magnifying images: –32x –100x –400x http://www.southwestschools.org/jsfaculty/Microscopes/compoundscope.html http://www.southwestschools.org/jsfaculty/Microscopes/types.html

10 http://bio.winona.edu/berg/118s00/Study2/Mvc-006f.jpg http://bio.winona.edu/berg/118s00/Study2/elod32.JPG http://bio.winona.edu/berg/118s00/Study2/elod100.JPGhttp://bio.winona.edu/berg/118s00/Study2/elod402.JPG http://www.aquaticbiologists.com/images/elodia/elodiaclose.jpg

11 Images produced with brightfield illumination appear dark and/or highly colored against a bright, often light gray or white, background. http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/anatomy/brightfieldgallery/index.html http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/anatomy/brightfieldgallery/bacteriayeastandbloodsmall.html Used for looking at living cells. Dense structures appear darker than the background. Cell structures appear light on a dark background.

12 http://www.microscopyu.com/articles/fluorescence/fluorescenceintro.html http://dept.kent.edu/projects/cell/FLUORO.HTM#Background%20on%20Fluorescence%20Microscopy Fluorescence microscopy is used to detect structures, molecules or proteins within the cell Cell is stained with a dye and the dye is illuminated with filtered light at the absorbing wavelength Common fluorescence dyes are: fluorescein~emits green light Rhodamine~emits deep red fluorescence http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/techniques/fluorescence/gallery/cells/header/images/nbl6headersmall.jpg http://www.microscopyu.com/articles/fluorescence/fluorescenceintro.html http://www.ru.nl/molanphys/proteomics.htm

13 http://acept.la.asu.edu/PiN/rdg/elmicr/versus.shtml

14 http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/biology/facilities/MnM/tem.html Transmission Electron Microscope images are created using electrons instead of light Electrons travel at shorter wavelengths than light gives a 2-D view TEM can magnify and resolve a specimen greater than 1,500,000X! It has high magnification and high resolution http://www.sdsmt.edu/es/emes/tem.jpg http://www.udel.edu/Biology/Wags/b617/tem/tem7.gif

15 http://www.ptli.com/testlopedia/images/SEM%203%20sm.JPG http://www.uiowa.edu/~image/images/microscopy/EM2/ragweed_pollen_sem.jpeg Scanning Electron Microscopes use electron illumination The image is seen in 3-D It has high magnification and high resolution The specimen is coated in gold The pictures are in black and white

16 http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/typhoid/mary.html http://www.todayinsci.com/M/Mallon_Mary/MallonMaryThm.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mallon-Mary_01.jpg#file


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