1. Special Hazardous Materials Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Warfare/Terrorism Agents

2. NBC Agents s Pose a risk to emergency responders s Threat level increased after Cold-War s Documented cases world-wide s Local target enviroment very high s Emergency responders under trained

3. Nuclear Agents Fission device: Not likely Thermonuclear reactions cause wide spread destruction Radiological dispersal device: Explosive device laced with radiological agent. Radioactive fallout and debris. WATCH OUT FOR SECONDARY DEVICES!

4. Biological Agents Very easy to “build”. Inexpensive... Use increasing… Rapid, wide dispersion Panic driven histeria! Difficult to I.D. in the field. s Ricin s Anthrax s Tuleremia s Cholera s Encephalitis s Plague s Botulism s Staph Enterotoxin B s Alpha Toxin s Saxitoxin s Tetrodotoxin s Tricothene mycotoxin

5. Chemical Agents Chemicals, designed by humans, to kill or disable humans. …and we’re supposed to be civilized... s Nerve agents s Blister agents s Blood agents s Choking agents s Irritants

6. Chemical Nerve agents s Sarin (GB) s Soman (GB) s Tabun (GA) s V agent (VX) Similar to organophosphate insecticides...

7. Chemical Blister agents s Mustard (H, HD) s Lewisite (L)

8. Chemical Blood agents s Hydrogen cyanide (AC) s Cyanogen chloride (CK)

9. Chemical Choking agents s Chlorine s Phosgene

10. Chemical Irritating agents s Chloropicrin s MACE (CN) s Tear gas (CS) s Capsicum/pepper spray s Dibenzoxazepine (CR)

11. Response Critical Factors 1. Awareness and hazard/risk assesment. 2. Use any and all personal protective equipment. 3. Decon early and carefully. Then aggresive EMS. 4. Contact authorities and HMRT as soon as possible.