1. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes

2. Structural features:

3. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Nearly all have a cell wall

4. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Nearly all have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan rather than cellulose or chitin.

5. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining uses a purple dye and then a red dye

6. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining uses a purple dye and then a red dye.

7. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell membrane cell wall Gram staining

8. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell membrane cell wall Gram staining

9. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell wall Gram staining

10. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell wall Gram staining

11. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell wall Gram-positive. Gram staining

12. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: cell membrane cell wall outer membrane Gram staining

13. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining outer membrane cell wall cell membrane

14. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining outer membrane cell wall cell membrane

15. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining outer membrane

16. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram-negative. Gram staining outer membrane

17. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Gram staining

18. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Lipopolysaccharides.

19. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Bacteria stick to their substrates or to one another with fimbriae and pili.

20. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Taxis

21. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Taxis is movement toward or away from a stimulus

22. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Taxis is movement toward or away from a stimulus. Bacteria move with flagella.

23. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Bacteria have infoldings of the cell membrane, like mitochondrial christae or the thylakoid membranes.

24. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: The bacterial chromosome is a single loop concentrated in the nucleoid region.

25. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Structural features: Bacteria can survive harsh conditions for long periods by producing endospores.

26. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Metabolic adaptations:

27. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Metabolic adaptations: Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs

28. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Metabolic adaptations: Photo auto trophs Chemo auto trophs Photo hetero trophs Chemo hetero trophs.

29. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Metabolic adaptations: Obligate aerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes

30. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Metabolic adaptations: Obligate aerobes Facultative anaerobes Obligate anaerobes Nitrogen fixation 2N 2 + 6H 2 O → 4NH 3 + 3O 2.

31. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes

32. Universal ancestor Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Phylogeny:

33. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Universal ancestor Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Based on phenotypic criteria:

34. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Universal ancestor Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Based on molecular data:

35. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Many Archaea are extremophiles:

36. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Many Archaea are extremophiles: Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens

37. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Many Archaea are extremophiles: Thermophiles Halophiles Methanogens CO 2 + 2H 2 → CH 4 + O 2.

38. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Ecological roles:

39. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Ecological roles: Decomposers Symbiotic relationships

40. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Ecological roles: Decomposers Symbiotic relationships mutualism commensalism parasitism.

41. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes

42. Pathogens:

43. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Pathogens: Exotoxins Endotoxins

44. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Pathogens: Exotoxins Cholera bacteria secrete chloride ions into the gut. Endotoxins Lipopolysacccharides in the outer membrane become toxic when Gram negative bacteria die and breaks down.

45. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Beneficial uses:

46. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Beneficial uses: Fermentation

47. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Beneficial uses: Fermentation Bioremediation

48. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Beneficial uses: Fermentation Bioremediation Leaching of metal ores

49. Chapter 27 - Prokaryotes Beneficial uses: Fermentation Bioremediation Leaching of metal ores Genetic engineering to produce useful organic products..