1. Think about your answer and discuss with your group 1.What are internal and external factors that can affect how a living thing functions? 2.What is your definition of a living thing?

2. What are things you brainstormed that can affect how a living thing functions? We have a lab coming up soon where we will explore various factors that may affect how the body functions… Salinity- amount of salt Temperature- cold or hot Amount of water pH

3. Section 6.1 Summary – pages 141-151 The pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is. pH stands for the “Potential of Hydrogen” Acids and Bases react differently in water, depending on what the Hydrogens in the molecules of a substance do in water, decides if the substance is an acid or base. A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14 is used to measure pH.

4. Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic. An acid is any substance that forms positively charged hydrogens (H + ) in water. For example, if you put HCl (hydrochloric acid) in water it will break up into H+ and Cl- The Hydrogens will separate from the rest of the molecule.

5. Substances with a pH above 7 are basic. A base (or alkaline) is any substance that forms OH- (hydroxide) in water. For example, if you put NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) in water it will break up into Na+ and OH- The Hydroxide compound will separate from the rest of the molecule.

6. Substances with a pH OF 7 are neutral. A neutral substance has equal amount of H + and OH-. Examples: Water, Milk, Saliva, Blood

7. Let’s demonstrate: -Turn your paper over. -In the column ‘Name of substance’, use the Key on the board and write the names of the substances down. -For each, make your own hypothesis about where this solution might be on a pH scale. -YOU DON’T HAVE TO BE RIGHT…AND YOU DON’T HAVE TO SHARE THE SAME ANSWERS AS YOUR GROUP MEMBERS. -Example: Vinegar Hypothesis: 7 Rubbing Alcohol Hypothesis: 5

8. Now you will use test strips to see where each solution is on the pH scale. Write your answers in 2 nd and 3 rd column 6 Weak acid 2 Strong acid

9. Now….just for kicks….let’s see how these different solutions affect…. TISSUE.

10. What are your definitions of a living thing?

11. Section 2.1 Summary – pages 35 - 45 The nonliving (never alive) parts of an organism’s environment are the abiotic factors. Examples of abiotic factors include: AIR CURRENTS TEMPERATURE MOISTURE LIGHT SOIL THE ABIOTIC

12. Section 2.1 Summary – pages 35 - 45 Abiotic factors have obvious effects on living things and often determine which species survive in a particular environment. (How?)

13. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 All living things depend upon other living and nonliving things to aid their survival. What are some living things you depend on? What are some non-living things you depend on?

14. Section 2.1 Summary – pages 35 - 45 All the living organisms (or once living) are called biotic factors. All organisms depend on others directly or indirectly for food, shelter, reproduction or protection. BIOTIC FACTORS

15. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Biologists have created a list of characteristics that something has to have in order to be considered LIVING. Only when something has ALL FIVE characteristics can it then be an organism. ORGANISM = A LIVING THING Characteristics of Living Things

16. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Whether an organism is made up of one cell or billions of cells, all of its parts function together in an orderly, living system. 1. Has an Orderly Structure This means that the organism has different parts that work together for a common function. (Like the organs in your body)

17. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 A species has to be able to reproduce in order to continue to exist. 2. Can Reproduce

18. If a female human is infertile (can’t have children)- does she cease to be a living thing?

19. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 3. They can Grow and Develop Growth results in an increase in the amount of living material and the formation of new structures.

20. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 All of the changes that take place during the life of an organism are known as its development.

21. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Living things reproduce themselves, grow and develop, respond to external stimuli, and maintain homeostasis by using energy. 4. Can Metabolize food Metabolism is the breaking down or building of molecules in your body. Digestion is a type of metabolism

22. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Organisms get their energy from food. 1. Plants and some bacteria make their own food 2. Animals, fungi, and other organisms have to EAT in order to get energy.

23. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 There are a lot of factors of the environment that can affect a living thing- water, temperature, weather, air, other organisms in the area. 5. They can adjust to changes in the environment

24. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 Anything in an organism’s external or internal environment that causes the organism to react is a stimulus. A reaction to a stimulus is a response.

25. Section 1.1 Summary – pages 3-10 When an organism automatically adjusts to maintain a balanced INTERNAL environment is called homeostasis.

26. 1. Using your spoon, fish out a piece of tongue from one solution. 2. Put it in the paper-toweled bowl 3. Observe and record any changes: texture, color, overall appearance… Slight color change to light pink. Yikes. Looks as if part corroded away