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Cell Structure & Function
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Cells ► All living things on Earth are made of cells. ► Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things. ► Living cells come only from other living cells. ► Cells are so tiny you could fit more than a million of them on a period at the end of a sentence. ► You cannot see cells without a microscope.
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Cells ► Cells were named by Robert Hooke. ► 1 st scientist to call spaces in cork cells he observed under the microscope “cells.” ► Comes from the Latin word cella which means “little rooms”. ► Unicellular: one cell – bacteria. ► Multicellular: many cells –humans have over 200 different types of cells (blood, bone, skin) and an estimated 100 trillion total cells.
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How Cells Function ► Each can take in nutrients, convert these nutrients into energy, carry out specialized jobs, and reproduce as necessary.
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How Cells Work ► Each cell stores its own set of instructions for carrying out each of these activities.
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Structure of Cells ► Organelles: small structures, or “organs” within cells that perform a specific function
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What’s In a Cell? ► Read the passage. ► As you answer the question, HIGHLIGHT the part of the passage that gives evidence for your answer. ► Bullet form answers are okay, but should be detailed.
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Functions of Organelles ► Each organelle has a job to do to help the cell function properly. ► Read about each of the organelles that follow.
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Organelles in Cells ► There are many organelles in each cell. ► Plant cells have two extra organelles that animal cells do not have.
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Animal Cells: ► Cell Membrane ► Cytoplasm ► Nucleus ► Nuclear Membrane ► Ribosomes ► Endoplasmic Reticulum ► Golgi Bodies ► Mitochondria ► Lysosomes ► Cell Membrane ► Cytoplasm ► Nucleus ► Nuclear Membrane ► Ribosomes ► Endoplasmic Reticulum ► Golgi Bodies ► Mitochondria ► Lysosomes ► Chloroplasts ► Cell Wall Plant Cells:
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Cell Membrane ► Outer structure that surrounds the cell ► Supports & protects the cell ► Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell ► Barrier between cell and its environment
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Cytoplasm ► Cell’s environment or inner space ► Made of mostly water ► Contains the organelles ► Site of most cell activity
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Nucleus ► The cell’s computer or brain ► Controls the cell activities ► Contains all the information the cell needs to do specific jobs, grow, and divide ► Information is stored in DNA molecules ► Contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes ► Determines what proteins will be made
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Nuclear Membrane ► Protects and guards the nucleus ► Controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus ► Keeps the DNA inside the nucleus ► Allows other materials to pass in and out of the nucleus
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Ribosomes ► Makes the proteins the cell needs to survive and grow ► Produces the Protein which is the Product of the cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) ► The transportation system of the cell ► Carries material through cell ► Allows reactions to happen in the cell ► Where the ribosomes do their work ► Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it so the proteins they make can be released directly into the ER for transport ► Smooth ER collects things and contains them
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Golgi Bodies ► Packs & carries the proteins ► Prepares the proteins for use or delivery outside the cell
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Mitochondria ► Cell’s powerhouse or power generator ► Supplies the energy ► Breaks down sugar molecules into energy ► Need oxygen to make energy and give off carbon dioxide as waste
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Lysosomes ► Cell’s recyclers ► Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules ► Contains enzymes which break down the proteins ► Digests old cell parts
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Chloroplasts ► Plant cells only ► Power generator for the plant ► Give plants their green color ► Uses energy from the sun to make food for the plant through photosynthesis
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Cell Wall ► Plant cells only ► Made of cellulose ► Surrounds the cell membrane ► Gives plants their shape, structure, and protection ► Allows H 2 O, O 2, and CO 2, to pass in and out of the cell
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Can you remember the function of each? Cut out the symbols and glue them next to the correct cell part.
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A. Cell = City B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J.
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