1. Effects of Cyanobacteria State of Science Paper Illinois State University Geology – Hydrology (361)

2. Outline  Purpose  Background / Thesis  Spreading  Factors (Harming)  Conclusion

3. Cyanobacteria

4. Purpose  How does cyanobacteria spread?  What does cyanobacteria harm/kill?  Thesis purpose – Treated?

5. Location

6. Hydrology  Temperature  Samples – Total nitrate, phosphorus, nitrogen, ammonium, phosphate  Ion Chromatography  Dissolved Oxygen  Conductivity  Flow cam

7. Summer of 1996  Five weeks  Zooplankton and Cyanobacteria  Temperature 20 degrees Celsius  Added Nutrients  Depths  Shallow (2m)  Deep (5m)

8. Summer of 2003 Figure 2. Nutrients added (Nitrogen & Phosphorus)

9. Summer of 2003  Amsterdam, Europe  Mixing of the water depths  Hottest Summer  Common type of Cyanobacteria  Family of Toxins  Harmed/ Killed

10. Sunlight  Growth of bloom  Egg production  Daphnia  Two types of toxins  Alkaloid neurotoxin (A. flos-aqua)  Nucleosides (A. affinis)

11. Daphnia vs. Anabaena (Zooplankton) (Cyanobacteria) Figure 3. Survivorship vs. Days

12. Toxins Alkaloid Neurotoxins  Domestic & Wild  Muscle fatigue  Staggering  Gasping  Convulsions  Death – Hours later due to respiratory matters Nucleosides  Animals and Humans  Anorexia  Weakness  Vomiting  Diarrhea

13. China  Cold environments  November  Water column  January  Summer  Start of summer  Tests done

14. Conclusion

15. References