1. jrmg 2009

2. The formation of the UNIVERSE is explained through what theory? -was born of the observation that other galaxies -10 billion to 20 BYA -a massive blast allowed all the universe's known matter and energy—even space and time themselves—to spring from some ancient and unknown type of energy.

3. trillion-trillionth of a second (after the BB) –universe expanded:pebble-size origin to astronomical scope –expansion continued Georges Lemaître 1920s –single primordial atom Edwin Hubble –galaxies are speeding away from us in all directions Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson –cosmic microwave radiation

4. original cause of the big bang itself

5. EVENT 1: Formation of the UNIVERSE

6. THE FORMATION of the SOLAR SYSTEM is triggered by what event?

7. cloud of gas and dust in space was disturbed explosion made waves in space which squeezed the cloud of gas and dust Squeezing made the cloud start to collapse, as gravity pulled the gas and dust together, forming a solar nebula cloud grew hotter and denser in the center, with a disk of gas and dust surrounding it that was hot in the center but cool at the edges as the disk got thinner and thinner, particles began to stick together and form clumps.

8. 4.6 to 4.5 bya –disk-shaped cloud of subsidiary smaller lumps, pieces, dust, gases, Coalesced and condensed –Earth began as a cold world HOT –First atmosphere: hydrogen gas –first “real” ATMOSPHERE volcanic activity and chemical reactions H 2 O, CO 2, CO, N 2, NH 3 H 2, Nitrogen

9. EVENT 2: Formation of the EARTH Air composition Early atm

10. EVENT 4: Formation of small units CO2 — Carbon dioxide CO — Carbon monoxide H2O — Water N2 — Nitrogen CH4 — Methane NH3 — Ammonia

11. Name the two SCIENTISTs that independently HYPOTHESIZED the abiotic formation organic compounds essential to LIFE.

12. ABIOTIC SYNTHESIS of small organic molecules –amino acids and nucleotides 1920s: Alexander Ivanovich Oparin and JBS John Burdon Sanderson HALDANE –“independently postulated that conditions on the PRIMITIVE earth favored chemical reactions that synthesized organic compounds from inorganic compounds”

14. Name the SCIENTISTS that had performed the EXPERIMENT to test OPARAN’s and Haldane’s HYPOTHESIS.

16. EVENT 5:Formation of Macromolecules Oparin- Haldane Miller-Urey Experiments

17. TRUE or FALSE? Lab SIMULATIONS of the EARLY EARTH conditions produced organic polymers.

18. PROTEINOIDS –Polypeptides from abiotic means Rain or waves Dilute solutions of monomers LAVA Proteinoids and polymers water

19. CLAY –concentrates A.A. And other ORGANIC COMPOUNDS –W/ binding sites W/ MEATL ATOMS Fe and Zn C.S.: clays might have been the first templates for self- replicating systems Pyrite –Charged surface

20. What do you call the AGGREGATES of ABIOTICALLY produced molecules that CAN’T REPRODUCE precisely? Can MAINTAIN an INTERNAL environment Can METABOLIZE and can be EXCITED

23. EVENT 6:Macromolecules to Pre-CELLS Proteins Polysaccharides Nucleotides Lipids and Fats CELL-like structures composed of these Macromolecules

24. EVENT 7: Formation of Pre-CELLS

25. WHAT is PROBABLY the FIRST GENETIC MATERIAL??? -short polymers of RIBONUCLEOTIDES have been produced ABIOTICALLY in the laboratory -1980: THOMAS CECH -revolution thinking about the evolution of life when they discovered that RNA molecules are IMPORTANT CATALYSTS in modern cells -RIBOSOMES use RNA CATALYTS: rRNA, tRNA and mRNA -capable of self replication

27. EVENT 8: Pre-CELLS to Living CELLS

28. 5 Descriptions of FIRST LIFE 1.Unicellular 2.Asexually reproducing 3.Aquatic environment 4.RNA containing 5.heterotrophic