1. DSTI-EAS-IND-WPIA(2009)10 Norihiko YAMANO and Colin WEBB Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry WPTGS November 2009

2. I-O system A useful tool for international analyses 2 Input-output Supply and Use Globalisation International Outsourcing Fragmentation Vertical Specialisation Regional Integration Impact of Economic Crisis Technology Diffusion Environment Material Flows Embodied CO2 KLEMS Productivity (MFP)

3. OECD Input-Output tables Format –Symmetric Industry x industry: 48 sectors (max) –ISIC Rev. 3 industry classification –Import and domestic transactions are separated –Basic price valuation (1993 SNA) History –1995 edition : 10 countries (1970-1990) –2002 edition: 24 countries (1995) –2006/09 edition : 40+ countries (1995-2000-2005) OECD -1 / Accession countries / BRIICS/ (G20 -1 ) –Many mid-2000 tables are preliminary. They will be replaced as national benchmarks become available … 3

4. Country coverage 4

5. Data sources available for OECD I-O 5

6. Linking I-O tables with bilateral trade Multi-regional Input-Output (MRIO): a powerful tool that links flows of goods and services across countries, revealing inter-dependencies and allowing n th degree effects of various global phenomena to be analysed... … but ideally requires best estimates of trade in intermediates (c.f. TAD paper and WIOD) … … which in turn requires adjustments and/or improvements to measured trade as published by international organisations …

7. Trade in goods – Data issues (WPTGS 2008) Re-exports –Trade discrepancies: Classic case = China /HK/USA Un-allocated trade data (confidential trade) –Could be concentrated in certain industries and partners Trade in second-handed goods –Not linked to recent manufacturing production Scrap and waste products –Some identified by HS, others not (e.g. PCs) I-O = SNA (i.e. BOP) v. Customs trade data Identifying domestic using industries –Standard HS to ISIC Rev. 3 conversion estimates imports from partners’ industries

8. Trade in services (BOP) – Data issues (WPTGS 2008) Limited availability of bilateral data Conceptual differences between EBOPS and Industry classification Particular measurement issues –Goods sent abroad for processing –Merchanting

9. Wish list (WPTGS 2008) short-term –Re-exports: more information from countries, particularly for key I-O years (1995, 2000, 2005). – Un-allocated (confidential) trade: more information longer-term –Systematic reporting of re-exports –New HS codes for scrap, waste, second-hand goods etc ? –Reporting of BOP trade in goods by product groups (cf. Australia’s BOP BEC) –More bilateral trade in services data + Trade statisticians work with National I-O compilers to estimate imported intermediates matrices

10. DSTI-EAS-IND-WPIA(2009)10 www.oecd.org/sti/inputoutput