1. International Telecommunication Union New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011 ITU Workshop on Standards and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Issues Brad Biddle Arizona State University Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law brad.biddle@asu.edu How Many Standards in a Laptop (and Other Empirical Questions)

2. International Telecommunication Union 2 About the Authors Brad Biddle Adjunct Professor and Research Fellow, ASU Law Standards Counsel, Intel Corporation Andrew White and Sean Woods Students at ASU Law Paper and related comments reflect only our personal views New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

3. International Telecommunication Union 5? 50? 500? How Many Standards in a Laptop? New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

4. International Telecommunication Union 4 Counted Interoperability Standards in Various Technical Areas Memory Display Graphics Wireless Sound Power Input/Output (I/O) Security Processor Content Protection Software Networking (We know we missed some key areas) New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

5. International Telecommunication Union 5 Excluded Other Kinds of Standards Performance Accessibility Design Process Manufacturing Process Quality Safety Environmental Measurement Electromagnetic compatibility New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

6. International Telecommunication Union 6 “Standards” Technical specifications produced and made available for 3rd party adoption by: 1. Formal SDOs 2. Consortia 3. Individual companies Not popular/dominant proprietary technologies New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

7. International Telecommunication Union SSO Framework Standards Setting Organizations (SSOs) Formal standards development orgs (SDOs) Consortia (or Fora or “SIGs”) COMPANY Spec licensing programs Lightweight contractual SIGs, spec dev only Complex nonprofit orgs w/ spec dev, C&I and marketing programs Small accredited SDOs ISO, IEC, ITU New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

8. International Telecommunication Union 8 At least 251 – and probably closer to 500 How Many Standards in a Laptop? New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

9. International Telecommunication Union 9 Two Additional Questions Who made these standards? SDO, Consortia or Company? What intellectual property rules govern these standards? [Fair,] Reasonable and Non- Discriminatory (RAND) license commitment Royalty-Free (RF) (RAND-Z, RAND-Zero, RF-RAND, non-assert, etc…) Patent Pool

10. International Telecommunication Union 10 Only about 1/3 rd produced by formal SDO Who made these standards? 49 112 90 New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

11. International Telecommunication Union Allocated into four “buckets” Caution: masks significant complexity What IPR Rules Govern? POOL (6) RF (43) RAND (148) UNKNOWN (54) New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

12. International Telecommunication Union 3/4 th RAND, very few Pools IPR Rules, Con’t New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

13. International Telecommunication Union 13 Key Observations ~500 interoperability standards in a laptop! Importance of Consortia, Company specs Historical dominance of RAND New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

14. International Telecommunication Union Other academic activity: Annual standards symposiums at ASU 2010: Consortia structure, SDO adoption of consortia specs, ethical duties of participants, patent pools, disclosure 2011: Standards development processes/methodology, cooperation between SSOs, government policy, academic works-in-progress Forthcoming paper re 2010 topics New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011

15. International Telecommunication Union 15 Questions/Discussion Contact: brad.biddle@asu.edu - http://biddle.us New Delhi, India, 19-20 December 2011