1. Unit 2: Foundations of American Government Part I – Our English Heritage

2. The Magna Carta “The Great Charter” 1215 England Nobles rebelled against the King and forced him to sign a document that protected their rights

3. Rule of Law The law applies to everyone

4. Limited Government The government is not all powerful

5. The Development of Parliament Late 1300’s- Present Started as a advisory group to King then evolved into a representative legislature – a lawmaking body

6. The Development of Parliament The Glorious Revolution – Parliament removes King James II and puts William and Mary on thrown. Parliament now stronger than King

7. Representative Government The people are the source of government power (POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY)

8. The Ideas of the Enlightenment 1600’s-1700’s Philosophical movement that believed God had created an orderly universe and that the laws of this universe could be discovered using reason.

9. NATURAL RIGHTS Rights people are BORN with that NO GOVERNMENT CAN DENY

10. Social Contract Agreement between GOVERNMENT and the PEOPLE

11. Self Government That people can RULE THEMSELVES IN AN ORDERLY MANNER

12. The English Bill of Rights 1689 Further LIMITED Kings power and increased the RIGHTS OF THE PEOPLE Right to: Free elections Fair Trial No cruel and unusual punishment

13. English Common Law Developed over time Law that rests on previous court decisions (Precedents) Makes law fair and consistent Bases for our: Divorce Civil

14. Philosophers of the Enlightenment

15. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) People could not rule themselves Have to have a strong government Social Contract: Give up rights to absolute monarch for protection from a violent death

16. John Locke (1632-1704) Natural Rights – all people are born with basic rights (Life, Liberty, Property) Social Contract – Relation between government and the people is a contract People obey laws Government protects rights Right to rebel – if the government fails to protect the rights of the people it is the right of the people to destroy that government

17. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Everywhere gov. is oppressing the people The only just gov. is one the people create

18. Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755) Gov. needs power but power corrupts Protect the people by separating the powers of gov. into three branches Write the laws Enforce the laws Interpret the laws

19. Answer the EQ Using two examples of from your notes on Our English Heritage answer the following question: What characteristics of their English heritage influenced the founding fathers in the development of American democracy and how?