1. Classification of Living Things
Scientists estimate that there are between 3 million and 100 million species of organisms on Earth.
Taxonomy—The grouping of organisms based on similarities in structure.
Taxonomists--biologists who specialize in identifying and classifying life on our planet--have named approximately 1.7 million species so far.
Each year, about 13,000 new species are added to the list of known organisms.
So, how do scientists classify (organize) all these millions of species?

2. Classification of Living Things
Carolus Linaeus ( )
Grouped organisms based on similarities in structure (taxonomy)
Divided all living things into animal or plant
Subdivided organisms based on degree of relatedness by structure and appearance
Scientific discoveries have led to other methods of classification
Using embryonic structures, evolutionary origins, and biochemical similarities

3. Classification of Living Things
The current system uses 3 overarching Domains and 6 Kingdoms
Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

4. Scientific Name: used to avoid confusion based on Latin or Greek Genus name (capitalized)  species name (lower case) Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
(Unranked) Cetacea
(Unranked) Mysticeti
Family: Balaenopteridae
Genus: Balaenoptera
Species: B. musculus

5. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
2 Types of Cells
PROKARYOTES
EUKARYOTES
organisms with no nuclear membrane
organisms with a nuclear membrane
The Big
Picture
3 Domains
6 Kingdoms
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

6. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

7. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
Domain: Archae
Kingdom archaebacteria
Best known for living in extremely hostile environments (very hot, very acidic, or very salty), but they can also be found in less extreme conditions.
Unicellular
Volcanic Hot Springs
Believed to be the earliest form of life on Earth. Although both archaea and bacteria are simple life-forms, archaea are very different from bacteria.
Hydrothermal Vents
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

8. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom Eubacteria
Considered “true bactera”
Over 5000 species of bacteria
Magnetic bacteria in saltwater marshes cling to iron deposits in sediment
Chemoautotrophic bacteria use hydrogen sulfide to make food (hydrothermal vents)
Bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus; yellow spheres) adhering to nasal cilia.
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
E. Coli bacteria
There are more bacteria in your mouth than there have been people living since the dawn of humans.
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

9. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
Bacteria
Microscopic, single-celled organsms
Have a thick outer wall surrounding the cell membrane
Prokaryotic (no nucleus)
Some are aerobic (require oxygen)
Some are anaerobic (no oxygen)
Classified and named based on 3 basic shapes
Coccus – round
Bacillus – rod shaped
Spirillum – spiral shaped
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

10. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
Decay Bacteria
Bacteria that break down organic matter, releasing molecules into water, recycling and making nutrients avaiable (ex. phoshpate, nitrate, sulfate)
Called “decomposers”
Most common in bottom sediments
Also found in warm, moist, dark environments rich in food
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

11. Life's History and Diversity
4/26/2017
Blue Green Bacteria
Resemble algae, contain chlorophyll
Resembles bacteria (lacks membrane bound nucleus)
Called “cyanobacteria” – blue or green in color, some also have red pigments
Found throughout the oceans
Survive in a variety of conditions
Can survive in water or sediment low in oxygen
First photosynthetic organisms on earth!
Form stromatolite fossils more than 3 billion years old!
Biol 1010, G. Podgorski

12. The Domain Eukarya is divided into 4 Kingdoms:
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

13. PROTISTS • Protists are eukaryotes because they all have a nucleus.
• Earliest was about 1.5 billion years ago
• Protozoans (ameoba, paramecium) and algae
• Many are unicellular and all groups (with one exception) contain some unicellular members.
A better name for Protists would be "Eukaryotes that are neither Animals, Fungi, nor Plants".
Protists

14. FUNGI Eukaryotic, unicellular, and multicellular
Fungi sometimes look like plants, but they’re not!
Eukaryotic, unicellular, and multicellular
Unable to make own food
Absorb nutrients from dead and decaying material
Examples: Mushrooms and yeast

15. Plantae Animalia Eukaryotic, multicellular
Have chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Use water and carbon dioxide to make food
Have cell wall
Eukaryotic, multicellular
Heterotrophic
Many capable of movement
No cell wall
Classified further into invertebrates and vertebrates

16. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Remember: King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti