1. Classification  Needed to study similarities / differences of organisms  Most common system has 6 Kingdoms

2. I. Classification System A.Based on: 1.Presence / absence of nuclear membrane 2.Unicellular (one) vs.Multi-cellular (many) 3.Type of nutrition (autotroph vs. heterotroph)

3. II. Kingdoms A.Monera 1.Lacking nuclear membrane 2.Bacteria 3.Blue-green algae

4. II. Kingdoms B.Protista 1.Mainly unicellular 2.Plant-like / animal-like characteristics 3.Protozoa – heterotrophic (paramecium) 4.Algae – autotrophic (photosynthesis)

5. II. Kingdoms C.Fungi 1.Multicellular 2.Filaments absorb digested food from env 3.Yeast 4.Bread Mold 5.Mushroom

6. II. Kingdoms D.Plant 1.Multicellular, photosynthetic (autotrophs) 2.Bryophytes a.Lack vascular tissue (no roots, stems or leaves) b.Get nutrients and excrete wastes by diffusion c.Moss

7. II. Kingdoms 3.Tracheophytes a.Have vascular tissue (roots, stems, leaves) b.Fern, Maple and Oak Trees

8. II. Kingdoms E.Animal 1.Multicellular heterotrophs (ingest food) 2.Coelenterates a.2 cell layers w/ hallow body cavity b.Hydra, jellyfish

9. II. Kingdoms 3.Annelids a.Segmented body walls b.Earthworm, centipede

10. II. Kingdoms 4.Arthropods a.Jointed appendages b.Exoskeleton c.Grasshopper, lobster, spider

11. II. Kingdoms 5.Chordates a.Dorsal nerve cord b.Shark, frog, human

12. III. Overview A.Monerans = most primative B.Animals = most complex C.Classification suggests some organisms have common ancestry

13. IV. Nomenclature (Naming) A.Kingdoms are broken into smaller groups 1.Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species 2.Genus – Organisms have very similar structure 3.Species – organisms can reproduce AND have VIABLE young (their young can reproduce)

14. IV. Nomenclature (Naming) B.Modern System (binomial nomenclature) developed by Linnaeus (early 1700s) 1.Names are in Latin 2.Scientific Name = Genus + Species 3.Genus – First part, capitalized 4.Species – Second part 5.Homo sapien or Homo sapien