1. MEDICATIONS FOR INFECTION Principles of Antiseptic, Disinfectant, & Antimicrobial Therapy ADN 110/cohort 13 1

2. Antiseptic An agent that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms Used on skin ADN 110/cohort 13 9 - 2

3. Disinfectant ADN 110/cohort 13 3 An agent that rapidly destroys pathogenic microorganisms, thus preventing infection Used on inanimate objects

4. Actions of Agents ADN 110/cohort 13 4 Cell wall protein is destroyed; cell death occurs Cell membrane permeability increases and vital contents leak out; cell death occurs Metabolism is disrupted; cell death occurs Cell components become oxidized; cell death occurs

5. Antiseptics Disinfectants ADN 110/cohort 13 Phenolic agents Alcohols and aldehydes Acids Iodine and iodophors Chlorine and chlorophors Mercury compounds Silver compounds Surface-active agents Oxidizing agents Chlorhexidine 5 Types

6. ADN 110/cohort 13 6

7. Antimicrobial Therapy ADN 110/cohort 13 7 Original antimicrobials: derived from microorganisms Newer agents: chemically synthesized Prevent infections..

8. Overview Antimicrobial therapy = antibiotic therapy Medication therapy to treat infections  Sources of Infection  Bacteria  Viruses  fungi Natural or synthetic  Selective toxicity Continual creation of new antimicrobials  Changes in DNA or micro-organisms Supra-infection  Normal flora killed by use of an antibiotic ADN 110/cohort 13 8

9. Antimicrobial Classes ADN 110/cohort 13 9 Aminoglycosides Fluoroquinolones Carbapenem Ketolides Sulfonamides Penicillins Cephalosporins Tetracyclines Macrolides

10. ADN 110/cohort 13 10

11. Overview Classifications  Microbe susceptibility  Narrow spectrum  Broad spectrum  Mechanism of action  Bactericidal  Bacteriostatic continued ADN 110/cohort 13 11

12. Overview Selection of Antimicrobials  Identification of causative agent  Lab testing  Sensitivity of the micro-organism to the antimicrobial  Lab testing  Host factors  Immune system  Site of infection  Age of client  Pregnancy  Combination therapy ADN 110/cohort 13 12 continued

13. Administering Antimicrobial Agents ADN 110/cohort 13 13 Consider the following:  Location of the infecting organism in the body  Status of the client’s organ function  Age of the client  Pregnancy and/or lactation  Likelihood of developing organisms resistant to the antimicrobial agent

14. Overuse ADN 110/cohort 13 14 Overuse of antimicrobial agents can lead to the development of severely resistant organisms.  Promoted the development of organisms that are not affected by any of the available therapies

15. Resistant Organisms ADN 110/cohort 13 15 MRSA/VRSA: methicillin/vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus VRE: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus ORSA: oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

16. Overview Prophylactic use  Prevention  Surgery  Influenza  STD post exposure  Limit use to  Prosthetic heart valves – dental or other procedures  Recurring urinary tract infections ADN 110/cohort 13 16

17. ADN 110/cohort 13 17