1. Microorganisms
Viruses & Bacteria

2. Title
Date
U7-2
Microorganisms
Viruses Bacteria

3. The Current System What is the largest category? What is alive?
They must have the 8 characteristics of life.
Biotic vs. Abiotic
Is a virus alive?

4. Life ? What is a virus? Hereditary material with a protein coat.
Does it have the 8 characteristics of life?
Lets review.

5. The 8 Characteristics of Life
Does a virus have all 8?
Made of Cells
Has DNA
Needs Energy and Materials
Reproduces
Grows and Develops
Reacts to the Environment
Maintains Homeostasis
Has Adaptations

6. Virus Life
Lytic Infection – Viral DNA takes over host cell and makes it reproduce the virus. The cell pops releasing millions more viruses.
Lysogenic Infection – Virus DNA hides in the genome of the infected organism. The DNA can re-enter the lytic cycle.
Pathogen – anything that causes disease.

7. Draw This! Explain It!

8. Viral Infections

9. Viral - Common Cold

10. Viral - Influenza A virus that causes cold and flu like symptoms.
This virus evolves into a different strain each year.
Thus a new vaccination is required each year. (A flu shot)
This virus can be airbourne or on the surfaces of things.

11. Viral - Smallpox Causes small bumps all over the body.
The person dies of complications.
Massive vaccination efforts have completely wiped this virus out.
It no longer is a
threat to humans…
Unless the stored
viruses get loose.

12. Viral - Polio Causes a fever and headache.
Can leave the digestive track and go after nerve cells.
Can cause
paralysis and death.
Mostly wiped
out from vaccines.
Iron Lung

13. Viral - Chicken Pox Red itchy rash
Usually you only get it once in a life time.
It can goes lysogenic and then reappears as shingles in immuno-suppressed adults.

14. Viral - West Nile Transmitted by a mosquito vector.
It’s spreading fast.
Causes fever and sometimes death.

15. Viral - Hepatitis Causes jaundice, fatigue, and stomach pain
Comes from food and drink with contaminated feces.
Can destroy your liver.

16. Viral - Herpes Sexually transmitted disease.
Causes sores on the genitals or mouth.
Can hide in the lysogenic cycle for years undetected.

17. Viral - Warts Raised itchy bumps.
Some are sexually transmitted and on the genitals.

18. Viral - HIV / AIDS The HIV virus is a blood born pathogen.
You must exchange, breast milk, blood, semen, or vaginal fluids to catch it.
HIV infects the T-Cells of the immune system.
This lessens the immune response to other invaders.
AIDS is when the immune system is so weakened that a person dies from the cold or something common.

19. Domain?
All life has cells.
Not all cells are the same.

20. What kinds of cells do we know of?
Prokaryotes – no “membrane bound” organelles, very small, bacteria, circular DNA, most abundant on Earth.
Eukaryotes – has “membrane bound” organelles (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast), large, unicellular or multicellular, linear DNA

21. 5 Kingdom System Prokaryote Cells Eukaryote Cells
Animalia - heterotrophs, multicellular, internal digestion
Plantae - autotrophs, multicellular, cell walls
Fungi - heterotrophs, multicellular, cell walls, external digestion
Protista - autotrophs, heterotrophs (unicellular or multicellular), some have cell walls
Prokaryote Cells
Monera - autotrophs, heterotrophs, unicellular, cell walls

22. Classifying Millions of Bacteria
Metabolism
Respiration Type
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Heterotrophs
Autotrophs
Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Movement
Living Environment
Cell Walls
DNA analysis
Growth and Reproduction
Binary Fission
Conjugation
Spore formation
Shapes

23. Bacterial Infections Archaeabacteria are extremophiles.

24. Bacterial - Tetanus Clostridium tetani Bacteria in rusty metal.
Causes muscle spasms, paralysis, death.

25. Bacterial - Lyme Disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Fever, headaches, and muscle aches.
Deer Tick vector.

26. Bacterial - Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Night sweats, chronic cough
Very contagious
Forms cyst like material in the lungs.

27. Bacterial - Diphtheria
Corynebacterium diphtheria
Sore throat, fever, swollen neck
Death if untreated

28. Bacterial - Meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
Bacteria that gets into the spine and brain.
Spreads easily in young children.
Can cause deafness and blindness.

29. Bacterial - Flesh Eating Bacteria
Necrotizing fasciitis
Bacteria that will eat away at your flesh.
Very hard to treat.

30. Bacterial - Cholera Vibrio cholerae
Comes from ingesting contaminated water.
You get a fatal diarrhea.
It turns on membrane water pumps in intestine cells.
Better sanitation has limited its spread in modern society.

31. Bacterial - Tooth Decay
Streptococcus mutans
Bacteria eat sugars in the mouth.
Brush your teeth regularly.
Don’t eat too
much sugar,
syrups,
sucking candy.

32. Bacterial - Strep Throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
Sore throat, swollen glands.

33. Viral or Bacterial - Pneumonia
When a viral, or bacterial infection reaches the lower part of your lungs.
Serious cold.
Can cause death in young and old people.

34. Bacterial - Treatment
Bacterial infections can be treated by antibiotics.
What happens
if a person
only takes a
little bit of
antibiotics?