1. TEST REVIEW Rock Cycle & Weathering

2. A. THE EXACT AGE OF AN OBJECT B. THE ORDER OF EVENTS OVER TIME C. THE COLOR OF AN OBJECT D. THE BEHAVIORS OF AN ORGANISM Relative dating uses various clues to figure out:

3. A. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY B. LATERAL CONTINUITY C. SUPERPOSITION D. RELATIVE DATING The fact that the layers of rock on one side of the Grand Canyon match up with the layers on the other side of the canyon illustrates:

4. A. YOUNGER THAN THE ROCK LAYERS B. OLDER THAN THE ROCK LAYERS C. THE SAME AGE AS THE ROCK LAYERS D. THE SAME TYPE OF ROCK AS THE ROCK LAYERS The theory of cross-cutting relationships states that a vein of rock that cuts across a rock’s layers is:

5. A. IGNEOUS ROCK B. METAMORPHIC ROCK C. SEDIMENTARY ROCK D. ALL OF THE ABOVE Which type of rock will break down as part of the rock cycle?

6. A. THE LAW OF LATERAL CONTINUITY B. THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION C. THE LAW OF RELATIVE DATING D. THE LAW OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY The law that states that the bottom layer of a rock formation is older than the layer on top is known as:

7. A. LIES ON EARTH’S SURFACE FOR MANY YEARS B. IS QUICKLY COVERED WITH SEDIMENT AND THEN FORMED INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK OVER MANY YEARS C. TURNS INTO CRYSTALS OVER MANY YEARS D. IS PRESERVED IN MAGMA Fossils are formed when an organism:

8. A. PALEOZOIC B. MESOZOIC C. CENOZOIC D. PRECAMBRIAN According to the geologic time scale, in which era did humans first appear?

9. A. THEIR AGE B. THEIR PARTICLE SIZE C. THEIR HARDNESS D. HOW THEY FORMED Classifying rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic is based on differences in:

10. A. PANGAEA B. LITHOSPHERIC PLATE C. GLOSSOPTERIS D. SUPERCONTINENT Millions of years ago, the continents were once a great landmass that has been named:

11. A. HOW FAST THE MAGMA MELTS B. HOW FAST THE MAGMA COOLS C. WHERE THE MAGMA FLOWS FROM THE VOLCANO D. WHEN THE MAGMA FLOWS FROM THE VOLCANO The size of the crystals in igneous rocks is determined by:

12. A. THE SEPARATION AND MOVEMENT OF PANGAEA INTO TODAY’S CONTINENTS B. THE SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE C. ABSOLUTE DATING D. ORIGINAL HORIZONTALITY Which of the following best explains why the same types of fossils are found spread on different continents?

13. A. UNDER HIGH PRESSURE AND AT LOW TEMPERATURES B. BY EROSION C. BY COMPRESSION D. BY COOLING AND SOLIDIFYING MAGMA OR LAVA How do igneous rocks form?

14. A. EROSION B. DEPOSITION C. WEATHERING D. SEDIMENTATION The process of breaking down rock is called:

15. A. THE SUN B. GRAVITY C. EARTH’S INTERNAL ENERGY D. DROUGHT What force causes rocks and sediment to erode down slopes?

16. A. IT CAUSES THE MOVEMENT OF THE LITHOSPHERIC PLATES B. IT CAUSES THE WATER CYCLE C. IT CAUSES WEATHER D. ALL OF THE ABOVE How does Earth’s internal energy provide a driving source for weathering?

17. A. SEDIMENTARY B. METAMORPHIC C. IGNEOUS D. ALL OF THE ABOVE ______ rocks formed from rock particles broken down into small pieces by the rock cycle.

18. A. PLANT GROUNDCOVER B. REMOVE GRASSES C. REMOVE TOPSOIL D. PLOW DOWN A SLOPE Which of the following would help farmers to prevent erosion in their fields?

19. A. BEDDING B. SEDIMENT C. CRYSTALS D. MEANDERS Weathering breaks rock into bits and pieces called:

20. A. INSECTS B. BACTERIA C. AIR D. WATER If soil is aerated it always contains:

21. A. MELTING B. COMPACTION C. CRYSTALLIZING D. INTRUSIVE When layers of sediment are pressed together, it is known as:

22. A. GRAZING LIVESTOCK B. DEFORESTATION C. CONSTRUCTION D. ALL OF THE ABOVE Erosion can be caused by:

23. A. WEATHERING MOVES SEDIMENT FROM PLACE TO PLACE, WHILE EROSION PRODUCES SEDIMENT B. WEATHERING PRODUCES SEDIMENT, WHILE EROSION MOVES SEDIMENT FROM PLACE TO PLACE C. WEATHERING PRODUCES EROSION D. EROSION PRODUCES WEATHERING How are weathering and erosion different?

24. A. HORIZON A B. HORIZON B C. HORIZON D D. HORIZON O In a soil profile, the dark layer called topsoil is:

25. A. COOLING OF MAGMA B. COOLING OF LAVA C. HEAT AND PRESSURE D. COMPACTION OF SEDIMENT Metamorphic rocks are formed from:

26. A. SEDIMENT B. HUMUS C. COMPOST D. SOIL The organic matter in nature produced by bacterial decay of plant and animal matter is known as:

27. A. IN A PROTECTED VALLEY B. IN A HOT, DRY DESERT C. IN A HOT, WET RAINFOREST D. UNDERGROUND In which of the following environments would a rock weather the fastest?

28. A. BACTERIA B. AIR C. WATER D. ALL OF THE ABOVE Components of soil include:

29. A. MELTING AND SOLIDIFICATION B. COMPACTION AND CEMENTING C. EXTRUSION AND INTRUSION D. METAMORPHISM Which of the following processes changes sediments into sedimentary rock?

30. A. HUMUS B. HUMUS AND WATER C. HUMUS, WATER, AND AIR D. HUMUS, WATER, AIR, AND MINERALS The BEST soil for growing crops contains:

31. A. PHYSICAL WEATHERING B. CHEMICAL WEATHERING C. EROSION D. BOTH A AND B Root wedging is when plant roots break apart rocks and is a process of:

32. A. HELP PLANTS GET NITROGEN FROM THE ATMOSPHERE B. LOOSEN THE SOIL SO WATER CAN GET INTO THE SOIL C. LOOSEN THE SOIL SO AIR CAN GET INTO THE SOIL D. ENRICH THE SOIL WITH THEIR WASTE PRODUCTS Earth worms are important in soil because they do all of the following EXCEPT:

33. A. IN MANY AREAS ON MOST OF THE CONTINENTS B. IN REGIONS OF RECENT VOLCANIC ACTIVITY C. DEEP WITHIN EARTH’S CRUST D. IN REGIONS WHERE THERE ARE GLACIERS Where are sedimentary rocks usually found?

34. A. HORIZON A B. HORIZON B C. HORIZON D D. HORIZON O In a soil profile, the horizon that consists of bedrock is:

35. A. ACID RAIN B. OXYGEN IN THE ATMOSPHERE C. MOSS AND LICHENS D. WIND Agents of chemical weathering include all of the following EXCEPT:

36. A. HORIZON A B. HORIZON B C. HORIZON D D. HORIZON O In a soil profile, leaching takes place in:

37. A. IGNEOUS ROCK B. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS C. METAMORPHIC ROCKS D. ALL OF THE ABOVE Metamorphic rock is formed when heat and pressure change:

38. A. THE EXACT AGE OF AN OBJECT B. THE ORDER OF EVENTS OVER TIME C. THE COLOR OF AN OBJECT D. THE BEHAVIORS OF AN ORGANISM Relative dating uses various clues to figure out:

39. A. GRAVITY B. ROOT WEDGING C. FROST WEDGING D. CHEMICAL WEATHERING Falling rock can break into very small pieces when it hits the ground by:

40. A. THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION B. LATERAL CONTINUITY C. RELATIVE DATING D. CROSS-CUTTING A method of putting events in the order in which they happened is known as:

41. A. IGNEOUS B. SEDIMENTARY C. METAMORPHIC D. IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY Preserved animal remains are usually found in which rock type?

42. A. FAUNAL SUCCESSION B. INCLUSION C. RELATIVE DATING D. CROSS-CUTTING When fossils are used to determine the relative age of layers of rock is it is known as:

43. A. PHYSICAL WEATHERING B. CHEMICAL WEATHERING C. EROSION D. DEPOSITION Rock can be reduced to smaller pieces by chemical reactions between water and rock grains in the process of:

44. A. SOFT BODY PARTS DECAY, SEDIMENTS ARE DEPOSITED AND COVER ORGANISMS, SEDIMENTS AND PARTS BECOME ROCK B. SEDIMENTS ARE DEPOSITED AND COVER ORGANISM, SOFT BODY PARTS DECAY, SEDIMENTS AND HARD PARTS BECOME ROCK C. HARD AND SOFT BODY PARTS DECAY AND BECOME ROCK D. SEDIMENTS COVER ORGANISM AND ALL BODY PARTS DECAY The correct order of events for fossil formation is:

45. A. TOP B. BOTTOM C. MIDDLE D. SIDE Where is the youngest layer of sedimentary rock usually found in multiple layers of rock?

46. A. THE ENTIRE BODY B. SOFT PARTS C. THE ORGANISM’S SKIN D. HARD PARTS Fossils are most often formed from which parts of a dead organism?

47. A. GRAVITY B. EXFOLIATION C. ICE WEDGING D. ROOT WEDGING _____ is a weathering agent in which frozen water causes rocks to break apart:

48. A. HORIZON A B. HORIZON B C. HORIZON D D. HORIZON O In a soil profile, a dark layer composed of decaying plant matter and humus is:

49. A. EROSION B. DEPOSITION C. WEATHERING D. SEDIMENTATION The process of breaking down rock is called:

50. A. ERAS B. PERIODS C. CENTURIES D. DECADES The largest divisions of time on the geologic time scale are known as:

51. A. THE LAW OF SUPERPOSITION B. LATERAL CONTINUITY C. RELATIVE DATING D. CROSS-CUTTING A method of putting events in the order in which they happened is known as:

52. A. YEARS AND MONTHS B. ERAS AND PERIODS C. CENTURIES AND PERIODS D. ERAS AND DECADES In the geologic time scale, major periods of time are divided into: