1. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Bacteria

2. Characteristics of Bacteria

3. Bacterial Shapes

4. Bacterial Structure

5. Bacteria Reproduction—Binary Fission

6. Bacteria Reproduction—Binary Fission
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell Division

7. Bacterial Conjugation
In prokaryotes, algae, and fungi, conjugation is a type of sexual reproduction in which two cells join temporarily to recombine nuclear material
Conjugation

8. Obtaining Energy
Photosynthesizers—obtain energy from sunlight, CO2 and H2O
Chemoautotrophs—obtain energy by removing electrons from inorganic and organic molecules such as NH3, H2S, CH4
Heterotrophs—obtain energy by absorption or infection of other organisms
chemoautotrophs

9. Pathogenic Bacteria
Pathogens—virus, bacteria, or other microorganism that causes disease
Heterotrophic pathogens metabolize the nutrients in their host organisms; this causes you to become ill
Bacterial pathogens secrete toxins that are harmful to eukaryotic cells (ex. Food poisoning from Salmonella and Botulism)

10. Pathogenic Bacteria--Examples

11. Antibiotic Resistance
Antibiotics are used to destroy bacteria, not viruses
Mutations occur in bacteria spontaneously
Some mutations confer resistance to antibiotics
Misuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance
1. overusing
2. not taking full course of treatment
Serious situations
1. TB
2. MRSA (top photo)
Antibiotic resistance

12. MRSA photos

13. Are all bacteria bad? NO!
Processing foods—yogurt, pickles, cheese, sourdough bread, buttermilk, etc.
Producing chemicals—BOTOX, etc.
Medicines—producing insulin with E. coli
Mining—production of pure grade ores
Bioremediation—cleaning up oil spills
Decomposers of dead organisms in the environment
Aids in digestion in animals
Nitrogen Fixation
Bacteria and Food