1. The relation between the galaxy stellar mass distribution and the mass of its hosting halo BENEDETTA VULCANI KAVLI IPMU What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th In collaboration with Bianca Poggianti Gabriella De Lucia Alan Dressler Kevin Bundy

2. THE ENVIRONMENT The properties of galaxies correlate with the environment: Morphology density relation (Dressler 1980, Dressler+ 1997) Denser environments host more massive, redder galaxies with lower star-formation rates (Kauffmann+ 2004) Galaxies in different environments evolve with different timescales..But various galaxy properties are strongly correlated even in a fixed environment.. What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

3. How are the mass and environment related? What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

4. The field mass function (e.g. Fontana+ 2006, Bundy+ 2006, Franceschini+ 2006, Borch+ 2006, Vergani+ 2008, Drory+09, Pozzetti+ 2011) For high mass galaxies, the evolution of the total mass function from z = 1 to z = 0 is relatively modest Low mass galaxies evolve more than high mass galaxies Ilbert+ 2010 What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

5. Several studies have analyzed separately galaxies of different types (colors, star formation activity, structural parameters, morphologies) Vergani+ 2008 Pannella+ 2006 Borch+ 2006 What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

6. AND IN CLUSTERS? What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS - White+ 2005): Optically selected clusters (σ>400 km/s) and groups (150<σ<400 km/s) at 0.4<z<0.8 Deep optical photometry in B,V,I or V,R,I Deep spectroscopy Wide-field imaging Stellar masses from the relation between L B and B-V color (Bell & De Jong 2001) WIde field Nearby Galaxy-cluster Survey (WINGS - Fasano+ 06): X rays selected cluster (σ>500 km/s) at 0.04<z<0.07 U,B,V and J,K photometry Spectroscopy

7. The cluster mass function Vulcani et al. (2011) Evolution driven by the mass growth of star forming galaxies in both clusters and in the cluster surrounding areas. + MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION z=0.6 z=0.07 What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

8. IMACS Cluster Building Survey (ICBS - Oemler+ 2013): Cluster selected using the Red Sequence Cluster Survey method (Gladders and Yee 2000) at 0.25<z<0.5 IMACS wide field Broad band photometry in B,V,R,I or g,r,i,z Spectroscopic data of clusters, groups and field The shape of the MF does not depend on global environment Vulcani et al. (2013) The MF in different environments field clusters groups What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

9. The red/blue MF Red and blue MF are different, but no differences detected in MF in different environments, for red and blue galaxies separately Vulcani et al. (2013) What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

10. Padova Millennium Galaxy Group Catalog (PM2GC – Calvi, Poggianti, BV 2011): Spectroscopic data of ~38deg 2 at 0.04<z<0.1 from the Millennium Galaxy Catalog (Lieske+2003) Deep and wide B-imaging Rich sample of groups, binary systems and isolated galaxies The MF in different environments Low-z Calvi, Poggianti, BV, Fasano (2013) What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

11. The evolution INDEPENDENT OF ENVIRONMENT! Vulcani et al. (2013) What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

12. Help from the simulations What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th BV, De Lucia, Poggianti in prep.

13. What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th The predicted evolution BV, De Lucia, Poggianti in prep.

14. What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th The dependence on halo mass BV, De Lucia, Poggianti in prep.

15. MY QUESTIONS 1 Why doesn’t the global envirnoment affect galaxy masses? 2 What is the role of the environment at lower masses? 3 Why do simulations overpredict the number of low mass galaxies? What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th

16. SUMMARY Both at high and low -z, the total mass function does not depend on environment. At high-z, red and blue MF are different, but no differences are detected in MF in different environments, for red and blue galaxies separately. The evolution of the mass function is very similar in all the environments. Semianalytic models can reproduce only the observed field mass function at low-z. As a consequence, they do not reproduce neither the observed evolution nor the independence of the mass function on the environment. What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? - 2013, April 22 th -26 th