1. Optical microscopy We want to see more details Magnification Resolution Contrast Simple microscope MENA3100, 22/1-07, OBK

2. The simple microscope Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632−1723)

3. The compound microscope ca. 1595 Hans Janssen Robert Hook (1635−1703) Micrographia, 1664

5. Stereo microscope

6. Compound microscope for transmitted light

7. Inverted compound microscope for reflected light

9. Refraction Kromatisk abberation

10. Spherical abberation

11. Corrections The objective

12. Numerical aperture (NA) NA = nsin  R = 0,61 /NA Resolution Rayleigh criterion (Raleigh in Brandon and Kaplan)

13. The limiting factor: Diffraction Oil immersion NA = nsin 

15. Condenser system Eyepice Ocular (okular) More is needed than just the objective

18. Optical anisotropy Calcite

19. Amorphous and cubic: Optically isotropic, one refracive index Hexagonal, trigonal, tetragonal: Optically anisotropic, two refractive indices Lower symmetry: Optically anisotropic, three refractive indices

20. Optically active crystals in the microscope

22. Michel-Levy chart

24. Remember that geologists often call their book on microscopy on thin sections for optical crystallography, and microscopy with reflected light is ore microscopy (malmmikroskopi). Some web sites: http://www.olympusmicro.com/primer/ http://www.microscopyu.com/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ http://www.micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/pdfs/basicsandbeyond.pdf maintenance: http://www.zeiss.de/C1256D18002CC306/0/1205E8CBD68054EAC125701500404705/$file/46-0009_e.pdf