1. SENTENCE PATTERN Dias Agata, S.S., M.Pd. ENGLISH FOR PROFESSIONALS 1

2. Outlines Simple, Complex, and Compound Sentences Dependent & Independent Clauses Practices

3. Sentences can be simple, complex, or compound A simple sentence has one independent clause A complex sentence has one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses A compound sentence joins two independent clauses

4. Dependent & Independent Clauses To distinguish between simple, complex, or compound sentences, it is important to know what independent and dependent clauses are. Independent clause - can stand on its own as a sentence Dependent clause - cannot stand on its own as a sentence

5. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Independent clauses have three components: A subject - they tell the reader what the sentence is about. A predicate - they tell the reader what the subject is doing. Express a complete thought - something happened or was said. Jim reads.

6. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES Independent clauses have three components: A subject - they tell the reader what the sentence is about. A predicate - they tell the reader what the subject is doing. Express a complete thought - something happened or was said. Jim reads. Jim reads. Simple Sentence

7. DEPENDENT CLAUSES A dependent clause is a clause that does not express a complete thought. A clause can be dependent because of the presence of a: Marker Word (Before, after, because, since, in order to, although, though, whenever, wherever, whether, while, even though, even if) Conjunction (And, or, nor, but, yet) Dependent clauses MUST be joined to another clause, in order to avoid creating a sentence fragment. Example: Because I forgot my homework.  ??? (What Happened?)

8. How to deal with Dependent clause? This is a sentence fragment. We have a "because" but not a "why" or anything accompanying and following what happened "because" they forgot. I got sent home because I forgot my homework.

9. How to deal with Dependent clause? This is a sentence fragment. We have a "because" but not a "why" or anything accompanying and following what happened "because" they forgot. I got sent home because I forgot my homework. independent clause + dependent clause

10. How to deal with Dependent clause? This is a sentence fragment. We have a "because" but not a "why" or anything accompanying and following what happened "because" they forgot. I got sent home because I forgot my homework, independent clause + dependent clause COMPLEX SENTENCE

11. A Complex Sentence Has one independent clause which can stand on its own as a sentence AND one or more dependent clauses which cannot stand on their own. Words like because, when, or after might indicate a complex sentence. When I walked downstairs, I had a big surprise Which is the independent clause and which is the dependent clause?

12. afterhow until althoughif unless asin as much as if in order thatwhenas long as at least wheneveras much as now that whereas soon whereveras though since whilebecauseso that beforeeven if that even though though The Subordinating Conjunctions

13. A Compound Sentence To make a compound sentence, join two independent clauses, or sentences that could stand on their own, and separate them with a comma and a conjunction (like and, or, but, so, yet, etc.) or a semicolon (;). I was too busy to play, so he went outside without me.

14. A Compound Sentence To make a compound sentence, join two independent clauses, or sentences that could stand on their own, and separate them with a comma and a conjunction (like and, or, but, so, yet, etc.) or a semicolon (;). I was too busy to play, so he went outside without me. independent clause 1 independent clause 2 conjunction

15. A Compound Sentence To make a compound sentence, join two independent clauses, or sentences that could stand on their own, and separate them with a comma and a conjunction (like and, or, but, so, yet, etc.) or a semicolon (;). I was too busy to play, so he went outside without me. independent clause 1 independent clause 2 conjunction The game ended; our team lost.

16. A Compound Sentence To make a compound sentence, join two independent clauses, or sentences that could stand on their own, and separate them with a comma and a conjunction (like and, or, but, so, yet, etc.) or a semicolon (;). I was too busy to play, so he went outside without me. independent clause 1 independent clause 2 conjunction The game ended ; our team lost. independent clause 1 independent clause 2

17. Compound Sentence the conjunctions Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) join these independent clauses. (Hint: The conjunctions spell FANBOYS.) The conjunction used can impact the meaning of the sentence.

18. GOOD ENOUGH? LET’S PRACTICE!

19. 1 Vampires Diaries is my favourite television show, but I also love True Blood.

20. 2 The student wiped the white board that was filthy with last week’s notes.

21. 3 The trendy fashion designer released her new line on Wednesday.

22. 4 Wicked Regina cast a spell on the entire city, so the citizens decided to rebel.

23. 5 While waiting for the paint to dry, Martin organized the kitchen appliances.

24. 6 After listening to the Kanye West CD, I have new respect for his music.

25. 7 The car stopped on the street.

26. 8 Alberta is famous for the Calgary Stampede, but it is also known for its oil reserves.

27. 9 Taxation without representation was a common complaint two hundred years ago.

28. 10 Don’t tell me you can’t find your backpack!

29. CHECK OUT THE ANSWERS! 1.Compound 2.Complex 3.Simple 4.Compound 5.Complex 6.Complex 7.Simple 8.Compound 9.Simple 10.Complex