1. Poisons, Pollutants and Drugs REVIEW GAME

2. Dose-response curves are developed by
graphing the rate of ingestion of toxins in the wild
extrapolating from the outcomes of cases of toxin ingestion from hospital records
graphing the response of model organisms to specific doses of toxicants
listing the symptoms in detail in response to specific doses of toxicants

3. Dose-response curves are developed by
graphing the rate of ingestion of toxins in the wild
extrapolating from the outcomes of cases of toxin ingestion from hospital records
graphing the response of model organisms to specific doses of toxicants
listing the symptoms in detail in response to specific doses of toxicants

4. Bioassays can be performed using which of the following types of substances
Pesticides
Herbicides
Nutrients
All of the above.

5. Bioassays can be performed using which of the following types of substances
Pesticides
Herbicides
Nutrients
All of the above.

6. On a standard bioassay response curve graph, what is measured on the X-axis?
The effect of the substance tested
The concentration of the substance tested
The number of specimens tested
The types of living organisms on which the substance is tested

7. On a standard bioassay response curve graph, what is measured on the X-axis?
The effect of the substance tested
The concentration of the substance tested
The number of specimens tested
The types of living organisms on which the substance is tested

8. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The bioassay was used to determine
What kind of Daphnia can survive exposure to Toxicant X.
What concentrations of Toxicant X are harmful to Daphnia magna.
What kind of Toxicant X is harmful to Daphnia.
What effect the Daphnia have on the Toxicant X concentration.

9. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The bioassay was used to determine
What kind of Daphnia can survive exposure to Toxicant X.
What concentrations of Toxicant X are harmful to Daphnia magna.
What kind of Toxicant X is harmful to Daphnia.
What effect the Daphnia have on the Toxicant X concentration.

10. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the best title for this graph?
The Effect of Daphnia Mortality on Toxicant X Concentration
The Effect of Toxicant X Concentration on Daphnia Mortality
Toxicant Mortality X versus Daphnia Concentration
Daphnia Percent versus Toxicant X Percent

11. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the best title for this graph?
The Effect of Daphnia Mortality on Toxicant X Concentration
The Effect of Toxicant X Concentration on Daphnia Mortality
Toxicant Mortality X versus Daphnia Concentration
Daphnia Percent versus Toxicant X Percent

12. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the DEPENDENT variable in this experiment?
The Daphnia
Toxicant X Concentration
The % of Daphnia that died
The type of toxicant to which the Daphnia were exposed .

13. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the DEPENDENT variable in this experiment?
The Daphnia
Toxicant X Concentration
The % of Daphnia that died
The type of toxicant to which the Daphnia were exposed .

14. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the INDEPENDENT variable in this experiment?
The Daphnia
Toxicant X Concentration
The % of Daphnia that died
The type of toxicant to which the Daphnia were exposed .

15. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the INDEPENDENT variable in this experiment?
The Daphnia
Toxicant X Concentration
The % of Daphnia that died
The type of toxicant to which the Daphnia were exposed .

16. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the O% Toxicant X concentration
were the control for the experiment
all survived
exposed the toxicant
all died

17. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the O% Toxicant X concentration
were the control for the experiment
all survived
exposed the toxicant
all died

18. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the highest concentration of Toxicant X that had NO effect on Daphnia mortality?

19. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
What is the highest concentration of Toxicant X that had NO effect on Daphnia mortality?
0.25% Toxicant X

20. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
At which concentration did Toxicant X have the GREATEST effect on Daphnia mortality?

21. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
At which concentration did Toxicant X have the GREATEST effect on Daphnia mortality?
2.0% Toxicant X

22. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
Based upon the results of this experiment, what is the likely LD50 for Toxicant X?

23. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
Based upon the results of this experiment, what is the likely LD50 for Toxicant X?
0.75% Toxicant X

24. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the O% Toxicant X concentration
were the control for the experiment
all survived
exposed the toxicant
all died

25. Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the O% Toxicant X concentration
were the control for the experiment
all survived
exposed the toxicant
all died

26. A low LD50 indicates _____.
that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humans
a high toxicity
a low toxicity
that the compound is not harmful to humans
that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms of toxicity

27. A low LD50 indicates _____.
that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humans
a high toxicity
a low toxicity
that the compound is not harmful to humans
that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms of toxicity

28. The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.
List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

29. The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.
List the pesticides in order of ORAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.
a) Chlorothalonil
b) Trifluralin
c) Glyphosate
d) Iprodione
e) Paraquat
f) Oxydemetonmethyl
g) Carbofuran

30. The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.
List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic. a) b) c) d) e) f) g)

31. The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of pesticides.
List the pesticides in order of DERMAL toxicity, from the LEAST toxic to the MOST toxic.
a) Chlorothalonil
b) Glyphosate
c) Carbofuran
d) Trifluralin
e) Iprodione
f) Paraquat
g) Oxydemetonmethyl

32. Substance A Substance B Substance C Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is LEAST toxic?
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Substance D

33. Substance A Substance B Substance C Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is LEAST toxic?
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Substance D

34. Substance A Substance B Substance C Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is MOST toxic?
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Substance D

35. Substance A Substance B Substance C Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which substance is MOST toxic?
Substance A
Substance B
Substance C
Substance D
NOTE that although Substance B shows measureable toxicity at a lower concentration than Substance A, it never reaches lethal dose 50%, thus Substance A has a lower LD50 and would be considered more toxic by this measure.

36. Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long periods of time is _________.
acute exposure
persistent exposure
easier to detect in a person’s system than high exposure over short periods of time
chronic exposure
not very common

37. Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long periods of time is _________.
acute exposure
persistent exposure
easier to detect in a person’s system than high exposure over short periods of time
chronic exposure
not very common

38. The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is 0. 157 g/kg
The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is g/kg. Assuming that the LD50 data can be extrapolated to humans, how many grams of the compound would likely be lethal to a 135-lb person (NOTE: 1.0 kg – 2.20 lb)

39. The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is 0. 157 g/kg
The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is g/kg. Assuming that the LD50 data can be extrapolated to humans, how many grams of the compound would likely be lethal to a 135-lb person (NOTE: 1.0 kg – 2.20 lb)
135 lb X kg X g = 9.63 g
2.20 lb kg

40. Match the definition with the term: LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I.
The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ___.
The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the ____.
The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the ____.
The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the ___.

41. Match the definition with the term: LD50 ED50 TD50 T.I.
The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of the test group is called the ED50.
The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is the T.I.
The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the LD50.
The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test group is called the TD50.

42. The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is MOST effective?
Drug A
Drug B
Drug C
Drug D

43. The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is MOST effective?
Drug A
Drug B
Drug C
Drug D

44. The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is LEAST effective?
Drug A
Drug B
Drug C
Drug D

45. The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is LEAST effective?
Drug A
Drug B
Drug C
Drug D

46. Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of a drug?
T.I. = TD50 / ED50
T.I. = LD50 / ED50
T.I. = ED50 / TD50
T.I. = ED50 / LD50

47. Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of a drug?
T.I. = TD50 / ED50
T.I. = LD50 / ED50
T.I. = ED50 / TD50
T.I. = ED50 / LD50

48. Which of the following abbreviations represents the median effective dose of a drug?
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.

49. Which of the following abbreviations represents the median effective dose of a drug?
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.

50. Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of the margin of safety of a drug?
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.

51. Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of the margin of safety of a drug?
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.

52. Hazards to environmental health can be _____.
chemical
physical or climatic
biological
all of the above
none of the above

53. Hazards to environmental health can be _____.
chemical
physical or climatic
biological
all of the above
none of the above

54. Environmental health hazards ____.
are primarily outdoor hazards.
are primarily indoor hazards.
include natural toxicants.
include synthetic toxicants
all of the above

55. Environmental health hazards ____.
are primarily outdoor hazards.
are primarily indoor hazards.
include natural toxicants.
include synthetic toxicants
all of the above

56. The properties that determine the rate at which a toxic pollutant in the environment degrades (breaks down) include ______.
temperature
moisture
sun exposure
the specific chemistry of the toxic pollutant
all of the above

57. The properties that determine the rate at which a toxic pollutant in the environment degrades (breaks down) include ______.
temperature
moisture
sun exposure
the specific chemistry of the toxic pollutant
all of the above