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The end of WWII
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Italy Allies win in North Africa – July 1943 – Target Italy Sicily is taken – Italian king arrests Mussolini – surrenders to the Allies Mussolini is rescued by German – Leads puppet government in northern Italy.
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Mussolini’s Demise Allies march into Milan – Mussolini tries to flee the country disguised as a German soldier Italian partisans stop the convoy & demand all Italians be turned over. – Mussolini & his mistress were handed over April 28,1945 both were shot & taken to Milan for public display – Hung upside down
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The score… North Africa once again controlled by the Allies USSR once again controlled by the Allies Italy once again controlled by the Allies Britain STILL controlled by the Allies – Let’s keep going !
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D-Day
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Normandy… D-Day Invasion Thousands of planes, ships, tanks and landing crafts 3.5 million troops June 6th 1944 – five beaches – 150,000 US, Canadian and UK troops. – 23,000 parachuted
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Normandy…D-Day Invasion Losses…Allies 12,000. Germans 9,000. By late summer 1944, Paris is liberated. All the Allies move towards Germany.
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Battle of the Bulge Begins on December 16, 1944 in the Ardennes Forest (N. France/Belgium) Germany attacks with the hopes of dividing the Allies to force a peace treaty favorable to the Axis – Remember: the Germans used this strategy once before Germany concentrated its fighting in the center of the Allied line due to its apparent weakness…causing a “bulge” effect which gave the battle its name
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Battle of the Bulge
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Hitler’s Downfall Allies move to Berlin – Hitler refuses to surrender Hitler relocates to the bunker under the Chancellery in Berlin on winter of 1945. As the Soviets enter Berlin in April 1945 – Hitler marries Eva Braun – two days later commits suicide – his body is burned afterwards The German army surrenders May 7 th, 1945. War in Europe is over!
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War comes to an end in Japan
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Cost of War Iwo Jima= – US casualties 25,000 – only 216 of the 25,000 Japanese soldiers surrendered. Okinawa= – US casualties 50,000 – only 7,200 of the 100,000 Japanese defenders surrendered. Japan resorts to desperate measures using Kamikaze pilots who would fly their planes into Allied ships killing themselves in the process.
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Invasion or the Bomb? May 8 th, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe) By mid-1945, most of the Japanese navy & air force destroyed. – BUT—Japanese still had 2 million soldiers. 1944—More Japanese men become kamikaze or suicide pilots. – The Japanese would fight to the death!
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Iwo Jima & Okinawa – Critical bases – bombers could reach Japan ESTIMATED: – Taking Japan would cost 200,000-1 million US lives and ½ million British lives Option #1: Invasion
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Option #2: Manhattan Project 1939—Albert Einstein writes a letter to FDR warning him that Germany might create an atomic bomb. US starts Manhattan Project – Headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer In Los Alamos, NM – First test bomb detonated July 1945 near Alamogordo, NM Shattered windows 125 miles away.
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National Crisis… FDR died unexpectedly on April 12, 1945 Truman becomes the 33 rd president. Truman is made aware of the Manhattan Project
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Decision to use the Atomic Bomb President Harry S. Truman orders the use of the Atom Bomb to force Japan to surrender. – He argues it will save the lives of American soldiers. – He warns Japan to surrender or face “utter and complete destruction.” Japan ignores the USA
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Hiroshima August 6, 1945 – US dropped Little Boy over Hiroshima – an enriched uranium bomb code-named “Little Boy”enriched uranium Japan refused to surrender—they thought the US only had 1 bomb!
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Nagasaki Three days later, “Fat Man”, a plutonium bomb, was dropped on Nagasakiplutonium Japan finally surrendered
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The War is OVER!!! Japan officially, unconditionally surrenders on September 2, 1945. WWII is over.
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Japan after the War 2 million lives had been lost! Many of the major cities were destroyed Allies had taken all of Japan’s colonies
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US occupation of Japan Japan’s emperor has to step down and they have to create a democracy – They are forced to create a constitution that looks like the US – Japan is only allowed to use a small military (provided by the US)
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Want some extra credit? Write down these directions! 1.Go to www. http://www.pbs.org/thewar/http://www.pbs.org/thewar/ 2.Browse through the pics and videos 3.Choose 10-15 pics and videos to read about, watch, etc. Save each one by clicking “add to favorites” 4.Once you are done, click the “Share my favorites” button and follow the on-screen directions to e-mail the collection to a friend. 5.Add a one paragraph description of what you learned from this site. 6.Email to Mrs. Thomsen at Kthomsen@djusd.net. Email it to me by Friday, May 18 th for up to 20 points of Extra Credit! Don’t forget to include your full name and period!Kthomsen@djusd.net
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