1. Light Pollution Measured by the DSS-7 (Deep Space Spectrograph) Rose Haber http://farm1.static.flickr.com/61/212916043_7895484234.jpg Chicago, Illinois at night

2. Need Glare Light Trespass Harms wildlife Wastes government money -Cinzano, 2009 Vancouver http://farm1.static.flickr.com/101/285102672_4203221326.jpg

3. http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/nightlights/blackout081403-20hrsbefore-text.jpg

4. Light Pollution Misdirected or misused light Inappropriate application of exterior lighting products Light causing a glow over urban/suburban areas http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1293/554194288_965f5494cb.jpg

5. Hertzsprung–Russell Diagram scatter graph of stars shows the relationship between absolute magnitudes versus classifications and temperatures

6. SpectroscopySpectroscopySpectroscopySpectroscopy Spectrograph- takes light from a source and separates it by wavelength http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html

7. Stellar Spectroscopy http://cass.ucsd.edu/public/tutorial/Stars.html

8. Spectrograph Fundamentals http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

9. The DSS-7 http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm Absorption lines for different chemicals http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

10. CCD Imaging ST-7XME CCD Camera http://www.sbig. com/sbwhtmls/online.htm http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

11. Maxim DL Photo-Processing image stacking software

12. Outdoor Lighting Mercury vs. Sodium

13. The Bortle Dark Sky Scale

14. Spectrum of the night sky at Mound Ekar Observatory Natural sky lines/ artificial lighting http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R Literature Review Proposal of a Spectroscopic Map of Astronomical Sites Rosoni, 1997

15. Literature Review Continued http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf Modeling of Light Pollution in Suburban Areas Using Remotely Sensed Imagery and GIS Chalkias et. al, 2006

16. Literature Review Continued Measuring Night-Sky Brightness with a Wide-Field CCD Camera Duriscoe et al.

17. Literature Review Continued Visual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy F. Della Prugna, 1999 http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426

18. Purpose http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg To examine the difference between the amount of pollution of light and the light pollutants in Manhasset, NY as opposed to Montauk, NY and hopefully influence the change to environmentally sound lighting systems.

19. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: no difference between the light pollution in both areas Alternate Hypothesis: light pollution will be greater in Manhasset than in Montauk http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

20. Methodology Light Pollution Measured by the DSS-7 Control: sky measured by DSS-7 in Montauk, NY Variable: sky measured DSS-7 in Manhasset, NY Measurement Measured once a week in Montauk and imaged, measured once a week in Manhasset and imaged over 7 months Analysis Graph/map of data collected Amounts vs. types of light pollution analyzed http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg Procedure Spectrograph attached to the CCD imager, many images taken to examine types of light pollutants, images taken during no moon periods-new moon, every magnitude of stars will be imaged and observed images processed and stacked using Maxim DL software

21. Study done in accessible places –Manhasset, NY –Montauk, NY/ Upstate, NY CCD imager/DSS-7 easily portable Software downloaded for free off SBIG website/astronomy coolwiki Do-Ability http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg

22. Budget

23. Chalkias, C., M. Petrakis, B. Psiloglou, and M. Lianou. "Modelling of light pollution in suburban areas using remotely sensed imagery and GIS." Journal of Environmental Management 76 (2004)): 57-63. Elesiver. Department of Geography, Harokopio University, 19 Sept. 2005. Web. http://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdfhttp://geoinformatics.sut.ac.th/sut/student/GISpresent/2006-1/light.pdf Cinzano. "Light Pollution Information by Starry Night Lights." Night Sky Friendly Outdoor Lighting. N.p., 2009. Web. http://www.starrynightlights.com/lpIndex.html http://www.starrynightlights.com/lpIndex.html Cole, Gary M. "A Pellicle Autoguider for the DSS-7 Spectrograph." Pellicle Autoguider (2006): 153-56. Pellicle Autoguider. Starphysics Observatory, 2007. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2007SASS...26..153C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdfhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2007SASS...26..153C&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf Holmes, Alan. "DSS-7 Deep Space Spectrograph." SBIG Santa Barbara Instrument Group. N.p., 20 Mar. 2002. Web. http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm http://www.sbig.com/dss7/dss7.htm Kaler, James. "Obtaining Astronomical Spectra- Spectrographs." Australia Telescope Outreach and Education. CSIRO Australia, 23 June 2004. Web. http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.htmlhttp://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/spectrographs.html Kulesa, Craig. "What is Spectroscopy?" What is Spectroscopy? N.p., 4 Feb. 1997. Web. http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html http://loke.as.arizona.edu/~ckulesa/camp/spectroscopy_intro.html La Pointe, Robert. "Measuring the Hubble Constant Using SBIG's DSS-7." NASA Astrophysics Data System (2008): 137-40. Society for Astronomical Sciences Inc., 2008. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2008SASS...27..137L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdfhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph- iarticle_query?2008SASS...27..137L&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf Licker, Mark D. “Dictionary of Astronomy” page 101; 2003 Plavec, Mirek J.; “Stellar Evolution” McGraw-Hill,1997, pp 392-401. Prugna, F. Della. "Visual measurements and spectral survey of night sky brightness in Venezuela and Italy." The European Southern Observatory (n.d.): n. pag. Astronomy and Astrophysics. Centro de Investigaciones de Astronom � CIDA, 9 Sept. 1999. Web. http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426 http://aas.aanda.org/index.php?option=article&access=doi&doi=10.1051/aas:1999426 Puech, Michael, H. Flores, Michael Lehnert, B. Neichel, T. Fusco, P. Rosati, J.-G. Cuby, and Gary Rousset. "Coupling MOAO with Integral Field Spectroscopy: specifications for the VLT and the E-ELT." Observatoire de Paris (n.d.): n. pag. LESIA. Laboratoire d 但 strophysique de Marseille, 8 Aug. 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1http://arxiv.org/pdf/0808.1196v1 Reviglio, Pietro M., and David J. Helfand. "Active Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: The Spectroscopically Unremarkable Population of the Local Universe." (2008): n. pag. Astronomy Department. Astronomy Department, Columbia University, 2008. Web. http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1766v1 http://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.1766v1 Richmond, Michael. "Spectrographs and Spectra." Spectrographs and Spectra. N.p., n.d. Web. http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/spectra/spectra.html http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys301/lectures/spectra/spectra.html Rosoni, Stefano. "Proposal of a spectroscopic map of astronomical sites." Memorie della Societa Astronomia Italianap.235 71 (1997): 235- 38. Circolo Astronomico Dorico. Paolo Andrenelli, 1997. Web. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235Rhttp://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000MmSAI..71..235R Smith, Gene. "Stellar Spectra." Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, UCSD. N.p., 16 Apr. 1999. Web.. Works Cited http://imgsrc.hubblesite.org/hu/db/images/hs-2002-10-c-web.jpg