1. Chapter 7: Crime in America

2. The Nature of Crimes Crime: something one does or fails to do that is in violation of a law Crime rates are influenced by location, age, and gender.

4. Crime Rates Crime rates are higher in urban than suburban areas Crime rates are higher in suburban areas than rural areas People ages 15-24 commit more violent crimes than any other group Males commit almost 4 times more crimes than females

5. Crime is Expensive! Crime costs YOU money! The government spends about $150 billion dollars a year on crime Each family pays $1500 a year in taxes relating to crime The US has the highest incarceration rate of any industrialized nation

6. What Causes Crime? Poverty Permissive courts Unemployment Lack of education Abuse of drugs and alcohol Inadequate police protection Lack of parental guidance Breakdown of morals Ineffective correctional system Little chance of being caught or punished Influence of tv, films, and music

7. Crime on Campus In 2001 there were nearly 2 million incidents of property and violent crime at school 10% of male high school students reported carrying a gun to school at least once in a 30 day period 30% of students reported drugs were available to them at school

8. Gangs and Crime A combination of drugs and guns has led to an increase in gang violence Gangs: People who form groups closed to the general public Gangs use symbols, colors, emblems, phrases, and clothing to ID themselves They use graffiti to “tag” their territory and instill fear in neighborhoods

9. Gangs and Crime There is usually an initiation ritual or test as well as a similar rite to get out of the gang…if this is an option Usually proves that you are not afraid to commit crimes and deal drugs

10. Who Joins Gangs and Why? Mostly males but the number of females is increasing –Poverty –School failure –Substance abuse –Family dysfunction –Domestic and community violence –Sense of belonging –Peer pressure –Financial gain/fame

11. How can the gang problem be solved? Community intervention/non gang activities Increase awareness Work with police to create anti-gang programs Increase prosecution of gang members Neighborhood watch groups

12. Guns and the Law Government Control v. Constitutional Rights Right for states to maintain a militia v. protection against government bans on firearms

13. Gun Control Act of 1968 (passed after deaths of JFK and MLK) prohibits certain persons-such as convicted felons, minors, and illegal aliens- from buying and possessing weapons requires serial numbers on all guns and establishes a licensing fee schedule for firearms manufacturers, importers, and dealers prohibits the mail-order sale of all firearms and ammunitions prohibits the interstate sale of handguns sets penalties for carrying and using firearms in violent crimes sets guidelines for certain firearm purchases

14. Gun Control Brady Act: (named for James Brady who was shot and paralyzed by a bullet intended for Reagan) –creates a system to instantly check the background of persons who want to buy guns In 2001 8 million applications for guns were processed…151,000 were rejected Should citizens be allowed to carry a concealed weapon?

15. Substance Abuse and Crime Substance Abuse: the harmful, overuse of chemical, like drugs or alcohol Can cause… –breakup of families –decreased productivity –injuries in the workplace –automobile crashes –criminal activity

16. Alcohol the most widely used substance in the US (because its socially acceptable) in some countries it’s a criminal offense to drink (Saudi Arabia) alcohol abuse was a factor in 35% of violent crimes in the US in 2001

17. Drunk Driving operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, driving while intoxicated, driving under the influence measured by a persons Blood Alcohol Concentration NC BAC is.08g/dl

18. Penalties for Driving under the Influence: monetary fine enrollment in DWI school community service license suspended license revoked jail sentence

19. DUI/DWI Implied Consent: all drivers agree to submit to a BAC test in exchange for the privilege of driving. Refusal to take the test could result in immediate and automatic suspension of the driver’s license for a certain period, even if the driver is not found guilty of DWI

20. Drugs Illegal drug industry has led to a dramatic increase in criminal activity This has placed a huge burden on the criminal justice system because so many people ware arrested for selling or possessing drugs ***50-75% of people arrested test positive for drugs at the time of their arrest

21. Controlled Substance Act Most states and the federal government have repeat-offender laws Recidivist: Repeat Offender Three Strikes Rule: not cruel and unusual punishment, after three felony charges the criminal is locked up for life without parole

22. Legalize or Not to Legalize? Many people believe the US would be better able to control the sale and use of drugs if the laws changed from drug prohibition to drug regulation. Some favor legalizing certain drugs for medicinal purposes

23. Legalize or Not to Legalize? Others believe that legalizing drugs would lead to greater drug use, cause more deaths, and increase other drug-related problems Legalization would send a message of acceptance

24. Victims of Crime Teens and young adults are more likely to be victims of crime than any other age group. Males are more likely to be victims of violent crimes than females Members of minority groups, urban dwellers, and those who rent their homes are more likely to be victims of crime than white, nonurban, and property owners.

25. Victims of Crime Restitution: requiring criminals to pay back or compensate the victims of their crimes Advocacy groups help victims of crimes –Ex: Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)

26. Preventing and Reporting Crime Report suspicious activity to police Lock doors and windows Be alert in high crime areas Use the “buddy system” Do not flash money in public If you are a victim or witness a crime, contact and cooperate with the police

27. If you Become a Victim Two Theories: –Do not fight back –Resist the assailant

28. Getting Help for Survivors of Crime Advocacy groups provide counseling and support groups –Ex: National Center for Victims of Crime and Office of Victims of Crime