1. Governance, Decentralization and Service Delivery: Progress, Transition Arrangements and Next Steps Government of Southern Sudan Paris, March 10 2006 Breakout Session 11:00 a.m. – 1:00 p.m.

2. Institutional Framework  The Constitutional and Legal Framework is in place for supporting Good Governance Decentralization Accountable and Responsive Delivery of Services

3. Institutional Framework  Provided by: Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan (ICSS) - consistent with the Interim National Constitution (INC) All ten State Constitutions drafted (to be ratified)  Providing for A Democratic and Pluralistic Society Bill of Rights Representative Government with (seven political parties currently represented) and regular general elections in the future

4. Good Governance  Southern Sudan and State Legislatures  Independent Judiciary  Provisions for Anti-corruption Anti-Corruption Commission  Protection of Human Rights Human Rights Commission  Accountability Mechanisms Southern Sudan Audit Chamber  Professional and Impartial and Gender- balanced Civil Service

5. Commitment to Decentralization  Article 50 of the Constitution provides the framework: Southern Sudan shall have a decentralized system of government with the following levels: the government of Southern Sudan level which shall exercise authority in respect of the people and states in Southern Sudan; the state level of government, which shall exercise authority within a state, and render public services through the level closest to the people; and local government level within the state, which shall be the closest level to the people.

6. Decentralization – Autonomy for States  ….. the linkage between the Government of Southern Sudan and the local government shall be through the government of the relevant state (Article 52)  The organization and proper functioning of local government and elections to its respective institutions shall be conducted in accordance with the relevant state constitution and the law. (Article 168 (5))  No Ministry for Local Government in the GOSS  Local Government Board in the Presidency for establishing standards

7. Decentralization – Responsibilities and Revenue Sources  Functional Responsibilities assigned in: National: Schedule (A) Government of Southern Sudan: Schedule (B) States: Schedule (C) Concurrent: Schedule (D)  Revenue Sources provided in Article 186  Grants from the GOSS $ 89 transferred in 2005 $ 95 to be transferred in 2006

8. Remaining Challenges and Priorities - I States to ratify and adopt Constitutions Establish the key independent institutions and commissions recognized in the ICSS Establish Judiciary Finalize policies and legislation for the civil service and establish and implement a decentralized administration

9. Remaining Challenges and Priorities - II Clarify and unbundle assignment of functions and responsibilities identifying different roles of GOSS, States and Counties Finalize the Local Government legislation Design and implement the system of intergovernmental fiscal transfers Establish mechanisms to monitor actual disbursements to states through improved public financial management and the Southern FFAMC Support capacity development of states and local governments in planning, budgeting, financial management and HR management

10. Decentralization – Need for a Transition  Need to gradually transition to the envisaged vision as: Arrangements for fiscal transfers are finalized; Arrangements for administrative decentralization are finalized; and While capacity is built in the states and local governments  Have a clear and shared understanding of the transition arrangements with a forum for dialogue between GOSS and States  Make transition provisions consistent with the long term vision

11. Service Delivery  Focus on: Health Education Water and Sanitation  Create Accountable Institutions for Efficient and Responsive Service Delivery Separate Policy and Regulation from Service Delivery Separate Production and Financing from Provision This is consistent with the functional separation between tiers of government  Use interim strategies consistent with a long term vision

12. Service Delivery – Priority Areas  Education: Review and revise policies in light of the CPA, INC and ICSS Expand basic education and infrastructure, improve gender equity, build local capacity to manage education, and strengthen secondary and tertiary education  Health Plan for human resource development, then invest in training programs Increase coverage of selected high-impact interventions (i.e. immunization and insecticidal nets for malaria prevention)  Watsan  Scale up sustainable water and sanitation service delivery for improved public health outcomes

13. An Example: The Health Sector

14. Background  Effect of Politics on Health Sector Colonial Post-colonial: Uneven allocation; discrimination  Effects of Civil Conflict Destruction of infrastructure Insecurity – inaccessibility Loss of human resources

15. Program of Action  Immediate – Provision of Drugs  Short Term Rehabilitation Re-training Attracting Human Resources  Medium Term Secondary and Tertiary Facilities State and County PHCs  Long Term Vertical and Horizontal Expansion Further Training

16. Service Delivery Models – Example from Health Sector (I) Inherited  Large hospitals staffed with civil servants in Juba, Malakal, Wau and other towns  Primary health care (PHC) facilities staffed with civil servants in Juba, Malakal, Wau and other towns  Towns and rural areas of Southern Sudan where facilities and services that exist are mostly supported by NGOs and vertical programs  Areas of Southern Sudan where no or very few services are currently available [Example of Education in the next presentation]

17. Service Delivery Models – Example from Health Sector (II) Options  Hospitals Creation of accountable Hospital Boards Rationalization of staffing Contracting of NGOs/firms to improve management and services  PHCs Rationalization of facilities and staffing Support from contracted NGOs

18. Service Delivery Models – Example from Health Sector (III) Options  NGO-supported Services The MoH will be supported by contracted NGOs to coordinate, improve and expand PHC service delivery This does not limit its medium or long-term options for the shape of the system.  Areas with Limited or No Service High impact community-based interventions using social marketing

19. In Conclusion  Much remains to be done, and cannot be done all at once  Prioritisation and sequencing are key  In 2006 we need to.... Get clarity on the decentralization framework and implementation modality Establish State Capacity Strengthen the core government capacity in GOSS, in particular MOFEP Establish the SFFAMC