1. People and the Planet- Topic 1 1.1 How and why is population changing in different parts of the world? 1.1b) Population change and structure vary considerably between countries at different states of development

2. What do population pyramids look like for different stages of the DTM? Task- make quick sketch copies of the 5 population pyramids on your sheet

3. How do population pyramids help us learn about population?

4. Population Pyramids Population pyramids can be used to show at a glance the POPULATION STRUCTURE of a country or city. They show at a glance the breakdown of numbers of each age and gender of a population Can highlight possible future population issues When reading population pyramids check the horizontal axis to check the scale used when comparing pyramids, each pyramid does not necessarily use the same horizontal scale, however the vertical scale is always identical

5. How to read a population pyramid

6. Population pyramids are used to show information about the age and gender of people in a specific country. MaleFemale Population in millions In this country there is a high Birth Rate There is also a high Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in poorer parts of the world (LICs.) and at stage 1/ 2 of DTM such as Yemen or Niger This pyramid shows an ‘youthful’ population

7. MaleFemale Population in millions In this country the number of people in each age group is about the same. The largest category of people were born about 40 years ago. In this country there is a low Birth Rate and a low Death Rate. This population pyramid is typical of countries in the richer parts of the world (HICs.)

8. Population in millions MaleFemale In this country the birth rate is decreasing. In the future the elderly people will make up the largest section of the population in this country. This is happening more and more in many of the world’s richer countries.

9. Male Female Population in thousands This country has a large number of temporary workers. These are people who migrate here especially to find a job.

10. Compare these pyramids, in terms of Birth rate Death rate Indications for future

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15. How can population pyramids help? Populations need to have certain characteristics to be sustainable for the country in the future Population pyramids can highlight possible issues in a country’s population such as gender imbalances and high numbers of dependents in a country. How would India cope with so many people?

16. Here we can Russia’s population pyramid last year, low life expectancy for men Low numbers of future workers Gaps highlight people have left country Slight indication of increasing birth rate- necessary for Russia’s future Look at page 145 in textbook and this Pop. Pyramid- What problems could this pose for Russia in future? How could Russia deal with these problems?

17. Very high birth rate due to young marriage age of most girls- by 18 years 48% of Yemeni women are married Evidence of decreasing death rate as more over 60s Looks like many leave Yemen in 20s Use the pop. Pyramid below to answer;- Why do you think Yemen has such a high birth rate? Yemen also has very low female literacy rates how could this link to birth rates? Why do you think some people may leave Yemen in their 20s? Why is it bad to have such a large % of your citizens under 16?

18. Focus on Japan!

19. What happens next?

20. This pyramid shows an ‘ageing’/ ‘greying’ population

21. What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future? Why does this matter? Is this a possible stage 6? Problems of this? Japan is heading for real issues, if they do not start reproducing (having babies) soon, by 3000 there be NO Japanese left on Earth! Some predict that by 2050 only 51% of Japans population will be of economically active age (working) Why could only 50% of a country’s inhabitants working be a problem?

22. Dependency Ratio There are 2 main groups of people in a country Economically active (16- 64)- those who work, therefore pay tax used to support dependents Dependents- (those aged under 16 and over 65) in most countries that do NOT work and therefore DO NOT pay taxes. Thus rely on economically active population to sustain them The higher the countries dependency ratio the worse the problems will be. You need to have at least 75% of your countries population economically active to have sustainable success. The level needs to stay pretty constant so if people are living longer they need to….. Having children may produce dependents in short term but is vital in long run so that…… If children start living longer women need to start….

23. Population change in Japan Read pages 146-7 and answer these questions 1)Give evidence in support of Japan being the ‘oldest’ nation in the world 2)Use the graph at top of page 147 to describe what has happened to a) birth rate b) death rate c) natural increase rate 3)Explain why people in Japan are living longer 4)Give reasons for Japan’s ever decreasing birth rate 5)What are the impacts of lower birth and death rates on countries like Japan? 6)Outline the future challenges Japan faces 7)Come up with ways the Japanese Government could a) help pay for extra care for the elderly b) encourage people to have more children 8)EXAM PRACTICE QUESTION- Describe the changes and the problems that have been caused by population change in an HIC (Developed country) (4 marks) Finish these questions at home