1. Name _________________________
DNA Timeline

2. 1865 Gregor Mendel
Publishes his findings about patterns of inheritance
Charles Darwin published his findings about Natural Selection

3. 1868 Friedrich Miescher Swiss biologist
Studied nuclei of pus cells obtained from discarded surgical bandages
Detected a phosphorus-containing substance that he named nuclein.
Showed nuclein to consist of an acidic portion, known today as DNA, and a basic protein portion now recognized as histones

4. 1902 Walter Sutton
Using grasshopper chromosomes he showed that chromosomes occur in distinct pairs, which segregate at meiosis.
Proposed that genes were located on chromosomes

5. Big Question…
Since Chromosomes are made up of nucleic acids and protein …. Which molecule holds the genetic information – DNA or Proteins?

6. Frederick Griffiths
Proved that there was a transforming factor

7. 1944 Avery, McCarty, & MacLeod
Built on Griffith’s experiment to prove that DNA, not protein, was the transforming factor
Looked at each of the organic compounds separately and only DNA passed on lethal traits

8. 1951 Rosalind Franklin
Used X-ray diffraction to show the shape of DNA to be a double-helix
Famous photo 51 was taken by Wilkins without her knowledge
Died in 1958 before Nobel prize was awarded in 1962

9. 1951 Erwin Chargaff
Showed that there were always equal amounts of Adenine (A) & Thymine (T) and equal amounts of Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) in DNA
Led to idea of Base pairing = Chargaff’s rule

10. 1952 Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase
Used bacteria and viruses to prove DNA held the genetic code

11. 1953 James Watson & Francis Crick
Master puzzle makers
Used information from others and put it all together to realize the structure and function of DNA

12. Structure & Function – DNA vs. Protein
Amino acids
Acid backbone
20 different AA to code for millions of different proteins
Order of Amino Acids determines specific protein
DNA
Nucleotides – 3 parts
5 C Sugar + phosphate (backbone)
4 different bases (rungs)
Order of bases determine code for amino acids

13. Name _________________________
DNA  Amino Acid  protein

14. Ribosomes - site of Protein synthesis

15. 1962 NOBEL PRIZE

16. DNA Timeline 1865 Mendel 1900’s Sutton Sex chromosomes 1905 1962
Nobel Prize
Griffiths
1928
Ribosomes
1956
1953
Watson & Crick
1952
Hershey & Chase
1951
Franklin
Chargaff
1944
Avery, McCarty
& Macleod
DNA first observed
1868
1984
DNA
Fingerprinting
1997
Dolly
cloned
Human Genome Project
1982
Genetically engineered insulin