1. Forms of energy Environmental Science

2. Energy Energy - capacity to do work  It gives us the ability to use the machines/devices that we need to use Can be measured in Joules, calories, watts, kilowatt hour, BTU, or others First forms of energy would be muscle power, then open fire, then contained fire (I.e. steam engine), now several ways  We still use contained fire today, just differently

3. Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil, Natural Gas Right now about 87% or world’s energy needs are met by these  Oil = 37%, Gas - 24%, Coal = 26% Between 1970 and 2000, the worldwide consumption of these went up only 1% Since 2000 that consumption has increased 15%!  DQ - WHY? Places like China and India, developing countries with booming economies

5. Energy Usage The U.S uses more energy than any other country! We are the largest oil importer in the world How do we use all that energy?  What do you think, put the following in order from most energy used to least.  Transportation, Industry, Residential usage, commercial usage

6. Energy Usage

7. Coal Fossilized plant material, formed under extreme pressure 3 types:  Lignite - soft, burns quick, and cool, with some smoke  Bituminous - Black, medium hardness, burns hot, little smoke, most common  Anthracite - Hard, Black, Burns very hot with very little smoke, least common, most expensive Coal resources are pretty abundant

8. Coal Questions about coal:  Which countries have the most coal deposits in the world.  Why is coal considered a negative souce of energy? (3 reasons)  What is IGCC and how might it change the way we get energy from coal?  Answer these in your notes (from your book) and we will come back together and discuss.

9. Oil Discussed in oil worksheet

10. Natural Gas World’s 3rd largest energy fuel. Typically found in coal deposits or oil wells  DQ - Why? It is the gas produced from reactions that make coal or oil Cleanest of the 3 fossil fuels  DQ - So why don’t we use more of it? Hardest fossil fuel to store and ship, especially across continents.

11. Natural Gas Just like oil and coal, the distribution is uneven.  The Middle East and Russia have the most. Have tried to figure out ways to ship it between countries, but with little success  Ex. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)

12. Other common forms Nuclear Typically more efficient that fossil fuel plants Originally thought to be the cheapest form of energy available This caused it to be the most in demand energy in the late 60’s and 70’s But by the mid 80’s it was losing ground to fossil fuel plants.  construction costs continued to rise  fuel supply started to dwindle  safety concerns arose

13. Nuclear energy Other problems with nuclear energy What to do with the radioactive waste  Store it, but where?  Ship it, but how? Decommissioning old plants is expensive  Can cost up to 4 times more to destroy one than to build one. Obviously safety

14. Assignment Pg 447 Critical thinking # 1, 3, 6

15. Alternative Energy Also known as sustainable energy, or renewable energy.