1. Chapter 11 Islam Spreads

2. Maps and Charts 1

3. Muhammad died – no successor
Followers chose Abu Bakr – his father-in-law over Ali his cousin and son-in-law – caliph (would cause conflict later)

4. Under Abu, Arabs spread Islam and defeated Byzantium army at Syria – Jihad – “struggle for God”
Abu Bakr had little control over military commanders of the clans

5. The Bedouin clans were more interested in “Booty” (that’s money y’all
The Bedouin clans were more interested in “Booty” (that’s money y’all!) than spreading the Islamic faith

6. The Byzantine and Persian (Sasanian) Empires were weak against the Arab invasions

7. Abu Bakr dies – once again no successors
1st 4 caliphs were assassinated – Uthman (3rd Caliph) was the 1st Umayyad caliph

8. 4th caliph was Ali – Muhammad’s son-in-law (ruled for 5 years), but Umayyads were upset that Ali did not avenge Uthman’s murder.

9. Umayyad Clan vs. Ali and his ally clan.
Umayyads proclaim Mu’awiya as Caliph
Ali is assassinated, and leaves Mu’awiya as Caliph
Husayn (Ali’s son) – Karbala – last struggle against Umayyads

10. Still source of conflict and division today!
Islam splits
Shiite – only accept rulers who are descendants of Ali (supporters of Ali)
Sunni – accepted the Umayyads as rulers
Still source of conflict and division today!

11. Empire TimeLine
Umayyad Dynasty ( ) – split of Islam
Abbasid Dynasty ( )

13. The Umayyads Matched the size of the Roman Empire
Fastest growing Empire
Moved capital from Medina to Damascus in Syria.
Built bureaucracy

14. Empire was Arab conquest state
Only Muslim Arabs were first class citizens
Discouraged inter-marriage (tax reasons; didn’t work)
Mawali – Muslim converts in conquered areas (still had to pay taxes)

15. Dhimmis (“people of the book”) – Arabs tolerated other religions
Few people would be converted during the Umayyad Dynasty

16. Who Resented the Umayyads?
Muslim faithfuls who resented Umayyad’s corruptness
Warriors – did not receive share in the booty (it went directly to royal treasury)

17. Abbasid party – led by al-Abbas (descendents of Muhammad’s uncle)
Shi’ites
Mawali

18. The Fall of the Umayyad
Persia and Iraq fell to rebels
Then Syria and Damascus
Rebels eliminated the Umayyad family

19. B/c of Umayyad’s corruption, Abu al-Abbas overthrew them
Abbasid Dynasty – 750 to 1258
B/c of Umayyad’s corruption, Abu al-Abbas overthrew them
Built new capital - Baghdad

21. On a piece of paper, draw a Venn Diagram like the one below:
Shiite
Sunni Pg
*Who were the Sufi?