1. KEYNOTE OF THE FUTURE 2: EMMA McLARNON CSIT PhD Student QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY BELFAST

2. @CSIT_QUB Keynote of the Future Quantum-dot Cellular Automata Emma McLarnon 20/03/2015

3. CMOS – Existing issues CMOS is the underlying technology in a wide range of electronic devices With the advent of IoT, security of electronic devices is becoming an important issue New attacks being developed daily Countermeasures put in place © www.bmw.com © www.chipandpin.co.uk © www.sis.com.mt

4. 0101000100100101010010001001010010001000101000100100101010010001001010010001001000100010000100010101100101010010010100010010101001000100100100100100100100010001000010001010110010101001001010001001010010010001001001001001001001 Power Analysis Attack CMOS – Existing issues Security algorithms implemented in CMOS are vulnerable to Side Channel Attacks (SCA), as they leak information through power consumption, EM, timings of operations. By monitoring the power, the secret key can be revealed

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6. Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata – Overview CMOS is due to reach its physical scaling limits by 2019 (ITRS report) Post-CMOS options are being researched, QCA being one of them No current, only information, flows between cells Since no data-dependent currents => may be resistant to power analysis attacks QCA Cell Structure logic ‘0’ logic ‘1’

7. Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata - Overview

8. Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata - Gates Use QCA cells to build security algorithm designs QCA Inverter QCA Majority Gate Majority gate can be converted to AND gate or an OR gate Combination of these components can be used for implementation of any logic function

9. QCA - Conclusions As CMOS is reaching the end of the technology roadmap, QCA is being considered as the next generation technology QCA will be highly dense, provide high speed computing and low power consumption Strong advantage in terms of security as there is no current flow, the coulombic repulsion between QCA cells are what provides the information transfer QCA could be a niche technology for security applications due to its resistance to side channel attacks

10. Thank you for listening