1. Protists
Ch.25

2. Protist Diverse Eukaryotes Uni or multicelled
Varying body plans and movement

3. History First eukaryotic organisms on Earth about 2 bya
Kingdom Protista (greek for first)

4. Classifying Protists Based on feeding:
Animal-like protists - heterotrophs
Plant-like protists - photosynthesis (autotrophs)
Fungus-like protists - external digestion (decomposer/parasite)

5. Characterized By: Body plan (uni or multicellular)
Means of obtaining food
(autotrophs vs heterotrophs)
Motility (flagella, cilia, or pseudopods)

6. Reproduction Most asexually: (genetically identical) binary fission
multiple fission
Sexually
conjugation

7. Animal-like Protist 4 Phyla: Sarcomastigophora (zooflagellates)
Protozoa (sarcodines)
Ciliophora (ciliates)
Apicomplexa (sporozoans)

8. Zooflagellates Swim w/ flagella (long whip-like tails) Have 1 or 2
Sexual or Asexual
Many are free living
Some parasites
Ex: Trypanosoma, African sleeping sickness

9. Sarcodines Move thru pseudopods (“false feet”) Asexual
Extensions of cytoplasm
Prey on smaller cells (bacteria)
Asexual
Exs: Amoebas, formanifera

10. Ciliates Move cilia (hairs) Ponds and slow moving streams Asexual
Some conjugate (exchange genetic material) - not repro.
Exs: Paramecium

11. Characteristics Pellicle Oral groove Mouth pore Gullett Anal pore
Contractile Vacuoles
Macronucleus
Micronucleus

12. Sporozoan Parasites 4000 adult forms with no locomotion
Complex life cycle (both asexual and sexual)
Sporozoites
Ex: Plasmodium (malaria)

13. Animal Like Protist Diseases
Malaria
African sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma)
Amebic dysentery (Entamoeba)
Giardia

14. Plant-like Protists Phyla: Euglenophyta (Euglenophytes)
Chrysophyta (Chrysophytes/Golden Algae)
Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

15. Euglenophytes Flagella, chloroplast, no cell wall, eyespot
Change shape
Binary fission
Swimmers
Exs: Euglena

16. Chrysophytes Yellow-green algae, golden brown algae
Gold colored chloroplasts
Most live in freshwater/few in marine
Can form cyst in harsh conditions

17. Diatoms Cells walls of silicon (glass)
Patterns & lines etched in glass cell walls (shine)
Producers in freshwater marine webs
Release atmospheric oxygen

18. Dinoflagellates 2 flagella Cell walls (looks like armor)
Luminescent (give off light)
Red Tide (toxic)

19. Red Algae Deep in oceans Most multi-celled Form coral reefs
Photosynthetic
Most marine seaweeds

20. Brown Algae Dark yellow, brown color Largest & most complex algae
Muti-celled, marine, cool temp water
Ex: Kelp, Sargassum, Rockweed

21. Green Algae Photosynthetic Cell wall = cellulose
# of body forms (single celled, colonies, filaments, and multicellular
Exs: Chlamydomonas, Volvox, Ulva

22. Phytoplankton Photosynthetic protists near ocean surface
Half of photo on Earth

23. Fungus-like Protists TypesPhyla: Myxomycota (Slime Molds)
Oomycota (Water Molds)

24. Slime Molds Damp, rich organic matter (forest floor, compost)
Forms stalks with spores
Recycle organic material

25. Water Mold Eat dead matter in water (like dead fish with white fuzz)
Caused great potato famine in Ireland