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OB Spectral and Spatial Morphology from Carina to the Antennae Nolan R. Walborn Space Telescope Science Institute HotSci STScI August 17, 2011
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Walborn Diagram
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Optical O Main Sequence N IV/III He II/I
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UV O Main Sequence (No Si IV)
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UV OB Main Sequence (No Si IV)
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Optical Early O Supergiant Sequence N IV/III
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Optical OB Supergiant Sequence Si IV/III/II
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UV O Supergiant Sequence Si IV!
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UV B Supergiant Sequence Si IV!
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FUV O Supergiant Sequence (O VI, C III)
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Optical O Luminosity Sequence (He II λ4686, N III λ4640)
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UV O Luminosity Sequence (Si IV! 45 eV)
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FUV O Luminosity Sequence (S IV 47 eV, C III 48 eV, P V 65 eV but low abundance!)
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X-Ray OB Supergiant Sequence Si XIV/XIII Mg XII/XI Ne X/IX O VIII/VII
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X-Ray OB Main Sequence Si XIV/XIII Mg XII/XI Ne X/IX O VIII/VII
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New Of?p Stars GOSSS J. Maiz Apellaniz et al. ApJS 193, 24 (2011)
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Ofc Spectra GOSSS
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ONn Spectra GOSSS
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VFTS C. Evans et al., A&A 530, A108 (2011) All Single O Stars
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Vz Stars
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J. Maiz Apellaniz in prep.
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Vn/nn/nnn Stars (red)
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H. Sana
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VISTA Blue J Spitzer Green 4.5 Red 8 micron R. Barba et al in prep.
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N11 LMC
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NGC 5471 M101
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Region G has only a single dominant central cluster (brightest in the Antennae), but again shows evidence for some weak triggering. The mass in the intermediate age clusters is only about 5 % of the mass of the central cluster, hence the triggered star formation is a relatively minor effect. Note the beautiful H_alpha shells, which have expanded unimpeded to the left, but have run into material and appear to have formed clusters in other directions Region G B. Whitmore et al. (2010)
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We find a smooth gradient in the ages! In addition, the supershell is centered on the old cluster, and the young clusters are located where the shell intersects the dust lane ! The young clusters have a total mass of 4 E6 Msolar, 5 times more than the cluster that appears to have triggered their formation. Triggering is not always weak ! Region B
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Antennae SpitzerHST/ACS
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<1 Myr 1-2 Myr 3-4 Myr 4-5 Myr 7-9 Myr B S G
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