1. De’ja Monique Mitchell
Flagella and Cilia
De’ja Monique Mitchell

2. Prokaryotic Flagella
Flagella (singular, flagellum) are long, threadlike structures extending from the surface of a cell.
Used for locomotion
Can be one or more per cell depending on species

4. Prokaryotic Flagella (cont.)
Prokaryotes can swim at speeds up to 70 cell lengths per second
Very rigid and slender
Flagella moves in a spinning motion, like a propeller
The rotary motor uses the energy stored in a gradient that transfers protons across the plasma membrane to power movement

5. Eukaryotic Flagella
Eukaryotic flagella is a circle of 9 microtubule pairs surrounding 2 central microtubules. (9+2 structure)
Moves up and down, like a wave motion
Sensory organelle reacts to chemicals and temperature outside the cell.
Each flagellum proves to be an outward projection of the cells interior, containing cytoplasm and enclosed by the plasma membrane

6. Eukaryotic Flagella (CONT.)

7. Prokaryotic
EUKARYOTIC
Screw like motion
Undulates

8. Cilia
Cilia (singular, cilium) is a short cellular projection that are often organized in rows.
Beating of rows can move water over a tissue’s surface
In a vertebrates ear, sound waves can bend these structures and provide the initial sensory input for hearing

9. Cilia (CONT.)
µm long
Arranged in longitudinal rows or in spirals around the cell
Beats in a coordinated fashion
Special functions
Become fused into sheets, spikes, and rods
Function as motions, paddles, teeth, or feet

10. Cilia(Cont.)