1. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS Created by Ashley Berryhill

2. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS  Methods of caring for pts who have a communicable disease.  Communicable disease=disease caused by a pathogen that can be easily transmitted to others

3. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION  Epidemic=occurs when communicable disease spreads rapidly from person to person and affects a large number of people at the same time  Pandemic=when the outbreak of disease occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population.

4. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS  Standard precautions are used on ALL pts  Transmission-based isolation techniques provide extra protection against specific diseases or pathogens to prevent their spread  Type of isolation used is based on the causative organism, the way the organisms is transmitted, and whether it is antibiotic resistant

5. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS  PPE is used to provide protection from the pathogen

6. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS  Objects are either contaminated or clean  Contaminated=dirty, pathogens are present  These objects must not be touched unless the HCW is protected by PPE  The outside and waist ties of the gown, gloves, and mask are considered contaminated

7. TRANSMISSION-BASED ISOLATION  Clean=objects do not contain pathogens and have minimal chance of spreading the disease Inside of the gloves and gown, neckband and its ties, and mask and its ties are considered clean  4 main types of precautions: standard, airborne, droplet, and contact

8. STANDARD PRECAUTIONS  Used on ALL pts  Treat all blood and body fluids as if they were infectious regardless of the patient’s disease or diagnosis.  Use appropriate PPE to protect yourself from blood and body fluids.

9. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS  Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei  Airborne droplet nuclei are small particles of evaporated droplets that contain microorganisms & remain suspended in the air or on dust particles  Examples: measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis

10. AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS  In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1.Pt placed in a private room with door closed 2.Air in room must be discharged to outdoor air or filtered before being recirculated 3.HCW must wear N95 mask 4.People susceptible to measles or chicken pox shouldn’t enter pt room 5.Pt should only be taken out of the room if necessary and must wear a surgical mask during transport

11. N95 MASKSURGICAL MASK

12. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS  Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with pathogens transmitted by large particle droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or laughing  Examples: meningitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, pertussis, mumps, influenza

13. DROPLET PRECAUTIONS  In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1.Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection 2.Surgical Mask must be worn when you are within 3 feet of the patient 3.If transport of the pt is essential, the pt must wear a surgical mask

14. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS  Used for pts known or suspected to be infected with microorganisms that can be transmitted by either direct and indirect contact and can spread rapidly from person to person  Examples: multidrug-resistant organisms that can cause GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infections; hepatitis A; rotavirus; lice

15. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS  In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1.Pt placed in a private room or in a room with a pt who has the same active infection 2.Gloves must be worn when entering the room 3.Gloves must be changed after contamination 4.Gloves must be removed before leaving the room and hands washed

16. CONTACT PRECAUTIONS  In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 5.Gown must be worn if there is a chance of contact with the pt, environmental surfaces, or items in the room. Gowns must be removed before leaving the room. 6.Pt transport should be for essential purposes only 7.The room and items in it must receive daily cleaning and disinfection 8.Patient-care equipment should be left in the room and only used for that pt if possible (example: stethoscope)

17. PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION  Methods used to protect certain pts from organisms present in the environment  Used for immunocompromised pts whose body defenses are not capable of protecting them from infections  Examples: severely burned pts, chemo pts, transplant pts whose immune systems have been depressed prior to receiving transplants

18. PROTECTIVE OR REVERSE ISOLATION  In addition to standard precautions, the following precautions must be followed: 1.Pt placed in a room that has been cleaned and disinfected & continues to receives frequent disinfection while the pt occupies it 2.Anyone entering the room must wear gown, gloves, and mask 3.All equipment brought into room must be clean, disinfected, or sterile 4.Special filters may be used to purify the room air