1. The Periodic Table of Elements Chapter 17.5 and 17.6

2. DIRECTIONS As we go you should complete your note sheet and label your periodic table along the way. Watch for directions they will be highlighted in PURPLE. You will need 3 different colors to complete the labeling

3. Who made it? The first periodic table was constructed by a Russian Chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, in 1869 Mendeleyev arranged the elements in his table according to their atomic mass. This was later changed to atomic number which is the way it is arranged today.

4. The Periodic Table Mendeleev arranged the elements in such a way that the elements with similar properties were in the same column. The columns are called groups –Elements found in the same column are said to be in the same group. The rows are called periods –Elements found in the same row are said to be in the same period

5. The Periodic Table Group 1 1st Period Group 2 2nd Period 3rd Period Label the top of the periodic table with the word group and the side with the word period. Look below in RED Groups Period

6. Why is it set up this way Mendeleev created his periodic table in this way because he noticed patterns occurring with the elements. Because he set up his table based on the patterns he noticed, Mendeleev left blank spaces in which he was able to predict the properties of elements that had yet to be discovered. His table was proven useful when these elements were discovered and had properties that were a close match to his predictions

7. Mendeleev's Periodic Table

8. The Modern Periodic Table The Modern Periodic table is not arranged by atomic mass, but by atomic number –Atomic number = number of protons Mendeleyev did not know about protons in 1872 There are 18 groups on the periodic table and 7 periods

9. The Modern Periodic Table The majority of the Elements found on the periodic table are metals –Metals are shiny, opaque, and are good conductors of electricity and heat –Many of them are malleable, meaning they can be hammered into shape or bent with out breaking –They are also ductile, which means they can be drawn into wire. –Most are solid at room temperature except for Mercury (Hg), Gallium (Ga), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr).

10. Stripe these elements in one of your three colors. Don’t forget to make yourself a little key

11. The Periodic Table All of the non metal elements are found on the right of the Periodic Table, except for Hydrogen. –Non metals are very poor conductors of electricity and heat. –They are brittle and shatter when hammered.

12. Stripe these elements in one of your other three colors. Don’t forget to make yourself a little key

13. The modern Periodic Table has a line that separates the metals from the non- metals. This line is often referred to as the staircase. Darken this line on your periodic table. Make sure you are putting it in the correct spot. The Modern Periodic Table

15. The modern Periodic Table has a line that separates the metals from the non- metals. This line is often referred to as the staircase. To the left of the stair case are the metals (except Hydrogen!) The Modern Periodic Table

16. Metals NOT HYDROGEN!

17. The modern Periodic Table has a line that separates the metals from the non- metals. This line is often referred to as the staircase. To the left of the stair case are the metals (except Hydrogen!) To the right of the stair case are the non metals. –Don’t forget Hydrogen! The Periodic Table

18. Metals Non- Metals

19. The modern Periodic Table has a line that separates the metals from the non- metals. This line is often referred to as the staircase. To the left of the stair case are the metals (except Hydrogen!) To the right of the stair case are the non metals. –Don’t forget Hydrogen! Along the stair case are a special group called metalloids The Periodic Table

20. Metalloids have some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non metals They are in-between metals and non metals Stripe these elements in your last color. Don’t forget to make yourself a little key

21. The Atom and The Periodic Table Aside from metals and non metals the periodic table is organized in two ways. These two ways are in –Groups/Families –Periods

22. Rows on the Table Remember, the atomic number = the number of electrons. The first row has Hydrogen with one electron and Helium with two electrons both in energy level one. Therefore, Helium has the first energy level full. We consider this as being stable.

23. Rows on the Table If you look at the second row, it starts with lithium and ends with neon. Lithium has three electrons and neon has ten electrons. Lithium has two electrons in the first shell and one in the second. Neon has two electrons in the first shell and eight in the second. The first column always starts the new shell. The last column always fills the shell.

24. Groups Groups or families are the vertical columns on the periodic table. Groups are numbered 1 through 18. These elements have the same number of electrons in their outer orbits. –Valence Electrons! They also have many characteristics in common. The group IIa elements; beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, & barium. They are called the Alkali Earth Metals.

25. Alkali Metals The first group of elements on the periodic table are called The Alkali Metals Label the Alkali Metals on your periodic table. The following slide will help you

26. Alkali Metals

27. The first group of elements on the periodic table are called The Alkali Metals The Alkali Metals are very reactive Many of them like sodium react violently with water As you move down the group they become more and more reactive CHECK OUT THE 2 VIDEOS BELOW TO SEE WHAT I AM TALKING ABOUT #1 VIDEO OF METALS IN WATER #2 SUPER COOL VIDEO

28. Alkaline Earth Metals The second group on the periodic table are called Alkaline Earth Metals Label the Alkaline Earth Metals on your periodic table

29. Alkaline Earth Metals

30. The second group on the periodic table are called Alkaline Earth Metals Alkaline Earth Metals react with water but not as violently as Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals also do not melt or change when placed in fire

31. Transition Metals Group 3 through 12 are known as the Transition Metals Label the transition metals on your chart

32. Transition Metals

33. Group 3 through 12 are known as the Transition Metals Transition metals are the more familiar metals such as copper, gold, silver, iron, nickel, and chromium. These metals are usually shiny, do not react well with water, and melt when heated

34. Inner Transition Metals The inner transition metals belong in the 6 th and the 7 th period

35. Inner Transition Metals

36. The inner transition metals belong in the 6 th and the 7 th period The Lanthanide Series belongs in the 6 th period because of its properties the Actinide Series belongs in the 7 th period because of its properties Inserting them into the Periodic Table would make a long periodic table that wouldn’t fit on a piece of paper! Uranium, an actinide, is used in nuclear power plants

37. Groups 13-16 Groups 13-16 have no common names but contain many elements familiar to us. Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, & Oxygen can all be found in groups 13 through 16 Since they don’t have a special name we just use the first element in the group as the name –ie. Boron Group Each member of the group has the same number of valence electrons Some of these elements are metals, metalloids or non-metals depending on where they are found relative to the stair case Label the group numbers on the periodic table above each column. Do this using the abbreviation G1, G2, …G13 and so on.

38. Boron Group Carbon GroupNitrogen Group Oxygen Group

39. Halogens Group 17 are known as the Halogens Label this group on your periodic table.

40. Halogens

41. Group 17 are known as the Halogens Halogens in Greek mean “salt forming” Many elements in this group form salts with metals –Ie. Sodium Chloride Some Halogens such as Bromine and Iodine are found in Halogen lamps which glow brighter without burning out quickly Chlorine is a Halogen

42. The Noble Gases Group 18 are known as the Noble Gases Label the Noble Gases on your periodic table.

43. Noble Gases

44. The Noble Gases Group 18 are known as the Noble Gases The noble gases do not react with any other elements or themselves They are chemically stable or unreactive They get their name from the Nobles who would never interact with the common folk!

45. Noble GasesHalogensOxygen GroupNitrogen GroupCarbon Group Boron Group Inner Transition Metals Transition Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Alkali Metals