1. B Masses and Lifetimes at the Tevatron Satoru Uozumi University of Tsukuba HCP06 @ Duke University

2. In this talk we cover: Excited B Mesons Excited B Mesons B c Meson Mass and Lifetime B c Meson Mass and Lifetime B Hadron Lifetimes : B Hadron Lifetimes : B s flavor specific B s flavor specific B s  K + K - (  L ) B s  K + K - (  L )  b  b Results are based on 0.36 ~ 1 fb -1 in Tevatron Run II.

3. B Production at pp collider Compared to e + e - experiments on  (4S), Tevatron have: Larger b production rates (~10  b v.s. 1.1 nb ) Larger b production rates (~10  b v.s. 1.1 nb ) Generate not just B - /B 0, also B s 0, B c -,  b 0 Generate not just B - /B 0, also B s 0, B c -,  b 0 Sizable Lorentz boost (  ~ 2 - 4) Sizable Lorentz boost (  ~ 2 - 4)  useful for lifetime measurement Large QCD background ( ~x1000 larger than b cross-section) Collision rate ~1MHz  tape writing limit ~100 Hz Online triggering and reconstruction is a challenge Flavor Creation (annihilation) qb q b Flavor Creation (gluon fusion) b g g b Flavor Excitation q q b g b Gluon Splitting b g g g b q q b b g g b b g q b b q gg g b b Flavor creation (annihilation) (gluon fusion) Flavor excitation Gluon splitting

4. Tevatron Detectors CDF Excellent mass and impact parameter measurement Excellent mass and impact parameter measurement Good ability of lepton identification Good ability of lepton identification DØ Extended tracking and muon coverage Good electron identification

5. The B Triggers Lepton triggers Lepton triggers Single and di-lepton triggers Single and di-lepton triggers Muon trigger is a key for DØ B physics program Muon trigger is a key for DØ B physics program CDF have 8 GeV lepton triggers for semileptonic mode, and di-muon triggers to capture B  J/  X or   . CDF have 8 GeV lepton triggers for semileptonic mode, and di-muon triggers to capture B  J/  X or   . Displaced track triggers (CDF only) Displaced track triggers (CDF only) Displaced track + leptons for semileptonic modes Displaced track + leptons for semileptonic modes Two oppositely-charged displaced tracks for hadronic modes Two oppositely-charged displaced tracks for hadronic modes Workhorse triggers for CDF B physics Workhorse triggers for CDF B physics

6. Tevatron performance Tevatron delivered more than 1.5 fb -1 up to Feb 2006 Tevatron delivered more than 1.5 fb -1 up to Feb 2006 Recorded 1.4 fb -1 (CDF) / 1.2 fb -1 (DØ) Recorded 1.4 fb -1 (CDF) / 1.2 fb -1 (DØ) Now ~ 1.0 fb -1 reconstructed and under analysis Now ~ 1.0 fb -1 reconstructed and under analysis 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 1 fb -1 1.5 fb -1

7. Excited B Mesons - Overview DecayWidth B0*B0*B0*B0* B  (S-wave) Broad B1*B1*B1*B1* B*  (S-wave) Broad B1B1B1B1 B*  (D-wave) Narrow B2*B2*B2*B2* B , B*  (D-wave) Narrow There are four L=1 states of (bq) system: B 0 * and B 1 * have broad width (~100 MeV) and difficult to observe. B 0 * and B 1 * have broad width (~100 MeV) and difficult to observe. B 1 and B 2 * are narrow (~10 MeV) but not yet well established experimentally. B 1 and B 2 * are narrow (~10 MeV) but not yet well established experimentally. Prediction of mass spectra M. Pierro, E. Eichten, PRD 64 114004 (2001) B B*B*B*B* B0*B0*B0*B0* B1*B1*B1*B1* B1B1B1B1 B2*B2*B2*B2*

8. Excited B Mesons (B 1, B 2 * ) Data size ~ 370 pb -1 in CDF Run II Data size ~ 370 pb -1 in CDF Run II Searched for B +  X final state in ~4000 of B + candidates from J/  K + and D 0  decay modes Searched for B +  X final state in ~4000 of B + candidates from J/  K + and D 0  decay modes Signal from following states are observed in mass difference Q = M(B +  ) - M(B + ) - M(  ) Signal from following states are observed in mass difference Q = M(B +  ) - M(B + ) - M(  ) B 1  B* + , B 2 *  B* + , B 2 *  B +  B 1  B* + , B 2 *  B* + , B 2 *  B + 

9. Excited B Mesons (B 1, B 2 * ) DØ 1 fb -1 New result from DØ Run II with 1 fb -1 New result from DØ Run II with 1 fb -1 Evaluate mass difference Q = M(B +  ) - M(B + ) Evaluate mass difference Q = M(B +  ) - M(B + ) B 1  B* +  B 1  B* +  B 2 *  B* +  B 2 *  B* +  B 2 *  B +  B 2 *  B +  Their width is also measured assuming  (B 1 ) =  (B 2 *) Their width is also measured assuming  (B 1 ) =  (B 2 *)

10. Excited B s Meson (B s2 *0 ) J P = 2 + state of (bs) system J P = 2 + state of (bs) system Searched for B s2 *0  B + K - decays followed by Searched for B s2 *0  B + K - decays followed by B +  J/  K + from 1 fb -1 at DØ B +  J/  K + from 1 fb -1 at DØ First direct observation with 5  significance ! First direct observation with 5  significance ! DØ 1 fb -1

11. B c Meson - Introduction Ground state of two heavy flavors (bc) Ground state of two heavy flavors (bc) First found in CDF Run I (~20 events), but not yet well studied First found in CDF Run I (~20 events), but not yet well studied Important check of theoretical predictions given Important check of theoretical predictions given Mass prediction from lattice QCD calculation Mass prediction from lattice QCD calculation Lifetime should be  (B c ) = 1/(0.6 + 1.2 + 0.1) ~ 0.5 ps Lifetime should be  (B c ) = 1/(0.6 + 1.2 + 0.1) ~ 0.5 ps if 3 following diagrams contribute to the decay. if 3 following diagrams contribute to the decay. CDF II results from 365 pb -1 published/submitted to PRL CDF II results from 365 pb -1 published/submitted to PRL

12. B c Mass Fully reconstructed signal with B c  J/   decay Fully reconstructed signal with B c  J/   decay New result with ~ 800 pb -1 from CDF Run II New result with ~ 800 pb -1 from CDF Run II 38.9 events observed ( >6  significance) 38.9 events observed ( >6  significance) Best B c mass measurement ! Best B c mass measurement ! Agree with various lattice QCD calculations Agree with various lattice QCD calculations

13. B c Lifetime Measured with high-statistics semileptonic mode, Measured with high-statistics semileptonic mode, B c  J/  e B c  J/  e ~ 203 candidates (5.9  ) ~ 203 candidates (5.9  ) from ~360 pb -1 in CDF Run II from ~360 pb -1 in CDF Run II World best measurement !! World best measurement !! Observed lifetime shows consistent value from the 3 expected decay diagrams (  ~ 0.5 ps) Observed lifetime shows consistent value from the 3 expected decay diagrams (  ~ 0.5 ps)

14. B hadron Lifetimes – why important? 1.Because  (b) is a basic observable 2.Test Heavy Quark Expansion Expand decay width in powers of (1/m b ) Expand decay width in powers of (1/m b ) It predict lifetime relations of B hadrons : It predict lifetime relations of B hadrons :  (B + )/  (B 0 ) = 1.00 + 0.05 x (f B /200 MeV) 2  (B s 0 )/  (B 0 ) = 1.00 + 0.01  (  b )/  (B 0 ) ~ 0.9 These predictions should be tested with actual measurements The B + /B 0 lifetimes are very precisely measured by Belle and Babar The B + /B 0 lifetimes are very precisely measured by Belle and Babar However B s and  b are original with the Tevatron ! However B s and  b are original with the Tevatron ! Theory Experiment C. Tarantino et al., hep-ph/0203089

15. B s and B s mesons are mixed each other due to 2 nd -order weak interaction. Assuming no CP violation, two CP eigenstates are written as : B s Lifetime “Flavor-specific” lifetime measurement “Flavor-specific” lifetime measurement … use final state with equal … use final state with equal fractions of B sL and B sH at decay fractions of B sL and B sH at decay  L (= 1 /  L ) measurement  L (= 1 /  L ) measurement … use B s  K + K - final state (~95% CP even decay) … use B s  K + K - final state (~95% CP even decay)  measurement with B s  J/   mode  measurement with B s  J/   mode … Separate CP - even / odd states by angular analysis … Separate CP - even / odd states by angular analysis  Recent DØ result in next talk by S. Burden  Recent DØ result in next talk by S. Burden Current approaches to measure  L,  H, or 

16. B s Lifetime (flavor-specific) High-statistics semileptonic modes, High-statistics semileptonic modes, B s  D s l ( l = e,  ) B s  D s l ( l = e,  ) Lepton p T > 8 GeV, high-S/N and non ct-biased sample Lepton p T > 8 GeV, high-S/N and non ct-biased sample ~1156 partially reconstructed decays from ~ 360 pb -1 inclusive lepton triggers in CDF Run II ~1156 partially reconstructed decays from ~ 360 pb -1 inclusive lepton triggers in CDF Run II Best measurement for the ratio Best measurement for the ratio  (B s )/  (B 0 )  (B s )/  (B 0 ) Update underway with increased statistics Update underway with increased statistics

17. B s Lifetime (flavor-specific) Fully reconstructed hadronic decays from displaced track trigger Fully reconstructed hadronic decays from displaced track trigger 360 pb -1 in CDF Run II 360 pb -1 in CDF Run II Removing trigger bias is a key Removing trigger bias is a key Fit mass and decay length simultaneously, and extract lifetime Fit mass and decay length simultaneously, and extract lifetime Update with 1 fb -1 ongoing Update with 1 fb -1 ongoing B s 0  D s -   B s 0  D s -      -

18. B s Lifetime (flavor-specific) Lifetime measurement with semileptonic decay B s  D s  Lifetime measurement with semileptonic decay B s  D s  ~ 0.4 fb -1 of inclusive muon sample in DØ Run II ~ 0.4 fb -1 of inclusive muon sample in DØ Run II Very high statistics thanks to large Br. of semileptonic decays and low muon p T threshold (p T (  )>2 GeV) Very high statistics thanks to large Br. of semileptonic decays and low muon p T threshold (p T (  )>2 GeV) Current world best measurement of flavor- specific  (B s ) ! Current world best measurement of flavor- specific  (B s ) !

19. B s lifetime (  L,  ) Measure “light” lifetime  L with B s  K + K - (~95% CP even state) Measure “light” lifetime  L with B s  K + K - (~95% CP even state) Data from displaced track trigger, ~370 pb -1 in CDF Run II Data from displaced track trigger, ~370 pb -1 in CDF Run II Several B s /B d  h + h - components resolved by mass, kinematics, and PID information. Several B s /B d  h + h - components resolved by mass, kinematics, and PID information. B d lifetime is fixed to World Average B d lifetime is fixed to World Average Extract  using flavor-specific  (B s ) from other measurements Extract  using flavor-specific  (B s ) from other measurements   (average) (ps) CDF B s  K + K - Flavor specific B 0  K + K -,K -  + B s  K + K - Background

20.  b Lifetime New and hot result from CDF with 1 fb -1 ! New and hot result from CDF with 1 fb -1 ! Measured with fully reconstructed  b  J/   0 decay Measured with fully reconstructed  b  J/   0 decay 542  b candidates found and used for the lifetime measurement 542  b candidates found and used for the lifetime measurement World best  (  b ) measurement ! World best  (  b ) measurement !

21. World Average (without this result) NLO (C.Tarantino et al., hep-ph/0203089) CDF New Result On the  (  b )/  (B 0 ), experimental results show ~2  lower value than theoretical prediction so far. On the  (  b )/  (B 0 ), experimental results show ~2  lower value than theoretical prediction so far. However the new result sits above the theoretical prediction and world average. However the new result sits above the theoretical prediction and world average. New impact to the theoretical calculation? Need more experimental inputs to conclude the issue. New impact to the theoretical calculation? Need more experimental inputs to conclude the issue.  b Lifetime – Measurement vs Theory

22. Conclusions Tevatron is a gold mine of the world largest B c / B s /  b sample ! Tevatron is a gold mine of the world largest B c / B s /  b sample ! We are entering the stage of precise measurement of the B ** and B c meson. We are entering the stage of precise measurement of the B ** and B c meson. Many interesting results with B s and  b lifetime are coming. Many interesting results with B s and  b lifetime are coming. (More about B s to come in next talk by S. Burden) (More about B s to come in next talk by S. Burden) There results provide very good tests of the various theoretical prediction. There results provide very good tests of the various theoretical prediction. More precise updates expected toward the summer ! More precise updates expected toward the summer !

23. Backups

24. 7 - 8 silicon layers 1.6 < r < 28 cm, |z|<45 cm |η| ≤ 2.0 σ(hit) ~ 15 μm time-of-flight 110 ps at 150 cm p, K, π identific. 2σ at p <1.6 GeV/c 96 layer drift chamber |η| ≤ 1.0 44 < r < 132 cm, |z|<155 cm 30k channels, σ(hit) ~ 140 μm dE/dx for p, K, π, e identification  coverage |  | ≤1.5 84% in  sampling calorimeter scintillator and tile/fiber |η| < 3.64 132 ns front end chamber tracks at L1 silicon tracks at L2 25000 / 300 / 100 Hz with dead time < 5% some resolutions p T ~0.15% p T (c/GeV) J/Ψ mass ~14 MeV/c 2 EM E ~ 16%/√E Had E ~ 80%/√E vertex r-  ~ 30 μm vertex r-z ~ 80 μm 1.4 T magnetic field Lever arm 132 cm The CDF II detector

25. D0 Detector 2T Solenoid 2T Solenoid forward & central forward & central muon detectors muon detectors with coverage with coverage |  |<2 |  |<2 Fiber Tracker Fiber Tracker 8 double layers 8 double layers Silicon Detector Silicon Detector up to |  |<2.5 up to |  |<2.5