1. Do Now  Record in your Agenda: Quiz on Friday  Open your notebook to the page where you wrote down your 3 favorite meals  On that page, write down this question: Would a dessert of a hot fudge sundae have been possible BEFORE the Columbian Exchange? (ingredients: vanilla ice cream, hot fudge) Why or why not?  Use your Columbian Exchange Map to help you! What’s on the quiz? Paleo-Indians Land Bridge Theory (Beringia) Coastal Migration Theory Old World and New World maps Native American Cultural Regions vocabulary Native American Cultural Regions map 3 Native American Cultural Regions (not NW coast)

2. Inspired by Columbus  Turn to the next page in your notebook and title it with the title above  Record the following:  Explorers for Spain called themselves conquistadors which translates to “conquerors”  They called themselves this because their intent was to conquer the New World claiming any/all land that they could

3. Inspired by Columbus continued  Now divide the rest of your paper into 4 boxes  Here are the headings for the boxes:  Top Left: Hernando Cortes (Spanish conquistador)  Top Right: Aztecs (Native Americans)  Bottom Left: Francisco Pizarro (Spanish conquistador)  Bottom Right: Incas (Native Americans)

4. Inspired by Columbus continued  Read the article about each Spanish conquistador or Native American group  You are looking for the “big ideas”  You need to record at least 7 “big ideas” from each article

5. the Aztecs (Native Americans in Central America)  Empire had existed over 500 years; modern day Mexico (they called it Anahuac)  - Tenochtitlan was the temple built for the gods; believed in human sacrifices; Polytheistic - believed in 100’s of Gods  - Montezuma was one of the “Great Speakers” or leaders  - They were farmers (corn, squash, avocados, beans, sweet potatoes, peppers & tomatoes); raised turkeys  - Housing represented social status  - Created Pictograms to write (codices)  - Legend: A ruler would return in a great white bird that flew over water (believed Cortes was this ruler)

6. Hernando Cortes (Spanish conquistador)  First explored Cuba ; very cruel to Native Americans in Cuban Gold Mines  Next explores Mexico and in 1519 became friends with enemies of the Aztecs  - Aztecs greeted him with peace & kindness  - Cortes jailed Montezuma (Aztec Ruler) & demanded gold – was given $200,000 and then he executed Montezuma  - Had conquered the Aztecs & all of Mexico by 1521  - Destroyed the Aztec temples & idols; replaced with Christian statues  - Brought Christianity to Mexico

7. the Incas (Native Americans in South America)  The empire spread out over 2000 miles; modern day Peru in the Andes mountains; had excellent roads & bridges  - Specific class system with ordinary people at the bottom that had to pay taxes to higher classes  - Terrace Farming in the Andes Mountains (potatoes, tomatoes, corn, squash, white & sweet potatoes, peanuts, coca), raised llamas, guinea pigs, ducks, alpacas, and dogs  - Oral Traditions (Stories, Songs, Poems); Quipu – a special way of arranging knotted & colored string to record important events  - Polytheistic – believed in 100’s of Gods; animal & human sacrifices  - Mined copper, gold & silver  Conquered by Pizarro

8. Francisco Pizarro (Spanish Conquistador)  Inspired by both Columbus and Cortes  1509 went with another explorer (Balboa) to the New World to “discover” the Pacific Ocean  - Pizarro had 2 unsuccessful attempts at trying to find the Incas  - 1532 Pizarro arrived in Canzmaraca, home of the Inca leader Atahualpa  - Pizarro planned a surprise attack and captured Atahualpa; demanded a ransom of gold & silver; killed Atahualpa after receiving the gold & silver  - Because of the death of Atahualpa, the Inca Empire collapsed and Spain became the richest/powerful nation in the world  - Founded the city of Lima, Peru