1. Development, Approach & Planning Dileep K Adhikary, PhD

2. It refers to a change positively tuned or the state of wellbeing transferred to new heights. It construes improvement in economic and social conditions. From the locational perspective it signifies creation of wealth, improved living standard of the people, and growth of the economy.

3. Baseline : Where we are ! Target: Where we want to be !

4. The pace and outcome would differ in its pursuit, one has to define the result that is sought for, derive it at an specified efficiency level, and sustain the change in the future years (that is no rolling back). It is also not limited to one aspect but holistic

5. Development is not easy to come by. It is faced with constraints and limitations at the individual as well as national economic level. Development requires investment Development hinges upon human capability and ecological order. Development is driven by the quality of governance.

6. A gain needs to be sustained. A development needs to be sustained otherwise the change would be painful. It has three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and socio-political sustainability. A development by chance alone will not be sustainable.

7. The sustainability is contributed by innovation, connectivity and value addition on a system mode. The system mode is the baseline of managing the basics, managing the results and managing the change (progression on to the renewable state).

8. Sustenance is associated with managing the change. The change is thrusted by the environment and accommodating it is at the heart of present day management in striving for results.

9. Building sustenance is dependent on some specific steps. One, as stated above, start early. Two, you need to plan the sustainability before you take the first step.

10. Managing sustainable development requires that fundamentals be in place which are: governance in general, peace and security, investible regime and response mechanism in particular. At this juncture, Nepal faces tremendous development issues

11. macro-economic stabilisation enabling basic business conditions sectoral linkages and objective integration

12. Approach Socialist Model Capitalist Model Mixed-economy model

13. Planning Unlimited needs and limited resources can not go together, the first needs to be scaled down and the second needs to be scaled up. When met it can be transformed as a plan

14. We plan for the future. Planning is a process and plan is the outcome. A plan should have objective (that needs to be set) to focus on. It is a basic requirement.

15. components: Goals..... Answering WHAT ? Strategy.... HOW ? Time...WHEN ? Activities... WHICH ? Resources to fund the activities

16. Planning can follow both ways: i) Top-down process which is vision based, and ii) Bottom up process which is needs based. Plan becomes the best when these are followed thru integration, it is a planning challenge.

17. Overall plan would have three levels: a) macro level best known as policy planning, b) meso level best known as programme planning or sectoral planning, and c) micro level best known as project planning. MUST: c) to be within or following b) and b) to be within or following a)

18. Project consideration is a holistic concept. It is objectively focused and bound by time and cost. It is location specific and generally autonomous in nature.

19. Project consideration is not expense oriented, it is investment based. Expense is a throw away, investment needs to be recovered, should not go down the drain. As such investible project must be feasible from the angles of marketing, technical, financial and economic perspective.

20. Planning does not hold independence, it is a management function Management function starts with planning and moves to organising, leading, and controlling. Management is focused on delivering results It makes it imperative to opt for Results based Planning.