1. Minerals

2. 4 requirements to be considered a mineral: 1. Naturally Occurring (not manmade)

3. 4 requirements to be considered a mineral: 2. Inorganic – not from living things Arsenic minerals

4. 4 requirements to be considered a mineral: 3. Unique chemical composition (chemical formula) Calcite

5. 4 requirements to be considered a mineral: 4. Definite structural pattern (crystalline) Quartz

6. Earth’s Composition Elements found on Earth: 117 but only 8 are common Elements found on Earth: 117 but only 8 are common Elements found in minerals: about 12 Elements found in minerals: about 12

7. Relationship to Rocks Are minerals rocks? Yes Are minerals rocks? Yes Are all rocks minerals? Not always Are all rocks minerals? Not always Why? Not all rocks fit the criteria of a mineral Why? Not all rocks fit the criteria of a mineral

8. Mineral Formation Precipitation: minerals settle out of solution Precipitation: minerals settle out of solution Crystallization: structured organization of atoms Crystallization: structured organization of atoms Crystal size: depends on amount of time to grow Crystal size: depends on amount of time to grow

9. Physical Properties: 1. Color – this is the LEAST RELIABLE One mineral can come in many colors One mineral can come in many colors Many minerals can be the same color Many minerals can be the same color Quartz Quartz

10. Physical Properties: 2. Streak – the color of the mineral in powdered form May be different than its color May be different than its color More reliable More reliablePyrite

11. Physical Properties: 3. Luster – how it shines or reflects light Metallic (shiny) vs. nonmetallic (dull, glossy) Metallic (shiny) vs. nonmetallic (dull, glossy) Metallic Luster Nonmetallic Luster

12. Physical Properties: 4. Hardness – resistance to being scratched Moh’s hardness scale Moh’s hardness scale Ranges from 1 (soft) to 10 (hard) Ranges from 1 (soft) to 10 (hard)

13. Hardness Each number is a different mineral Each number is a different mineral Ex: 1= Talc, 10=Diamond, 7= Quartz Ex: 1= Talc, 10=Diamond, 7= Quartz

14. Hardness The hardness of tools used to identify minerals can also be on the scale The hardness of tools used to identify minerals can also be on the scale Ex: Fingernail = 2.5 Ex: Fingernail = 2.5 Penny = 3.5 Penny = 3.5 Glass = 5.5 Glass = 5.5 Steel nail = 6.5 Steel nail = 6.5

15. Physical Properties: 5. Cleavage – tendency of a mineral to split along planes of weakness Up to 3 planes Up to 3 planes

16. Physical Properties: 6. Fracture – uneven breaks (no cleavage)

17. Other Possibly Useful Properties: 1. Magnetic

18. Other Possibly Useful Properties: 2. Taste (not recommended) Ex: Halite Ex: Halite

19. Other Possibly Useful Properties: 3. Acid test – some minerals bubble in hydrochloric acid Ex: Calcite Ex: Calcite

20. Other Possibly Useful Properties: 4. Double Refraction – can see two images through the mineral Ex: Calcite Ex: Calcite

21. Other Possibly Useful Properties: 5. Fluorescence: glow under UV light

22. ***IMPORTANT: The physical properties of a mineral are due to the internal arrangement of its atoms!*** ***IMPORTANT: The physical properties of a mineral are due to the internal arrangement of its atoms!***

23. http://sciencereviewgames.com/srg/games/go ng.php?id=33 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjA2- MrWAVU