1. Executive Branch Part II

2. Presidential Authority Washington (George) used this to increase the federal power – Sent militia to put down the Whiskey Rebellion – Established regular Cabinet meetings – Established President’s right to negotiate treaties/set foreign policy ex: Jay’s Treaty – Used inherent power to declare neutrality between British and French

3. Jefferson – Used inherent power to purchase Lousianna Jackson – Vetoed 12 bills Lincoln – Suspended the writ of habeas corpus – Expanded the military – Blockaded southern ports – Closed U.S. mail to the Confederacy

4. Modern Presidency Instantaneous news coverage has led the people to look to the President to give an immediate reaction to crisis – Pearl Harbor – 9/11 FDR set the standards for the modern powerful president – Fireside chats – Expansion of government programs – Changed from Classical Economics to Keynesian Economics

5. VP, Cabinet, & White House Staff VP – Chosen to balance the ticket – Power is ceremonious Cabinet – Not mentioned in the Constitution – Subject to Senate confirmation – Main function is to help the President execute laws and help him make decisons

6. White House Staff – Personally responsible to the President – They have no independent legal authority – NOT subject to Senate confirmation – Loyalty is to the President! Typical Positions: – Chief of Staff – Counselor to the President – Strategists in: » Domestic Policy Foreign Policies Economic Policies – Communications – White House Counsel – Liaisons - Lobbyists who go between the President & Congress

7. President at Policy Maker He suggests laws – Congress doesn’t have to accept them He can offer them favors – patronage to get them to work with him.

8. President & the Budget He outlines his proposals OMB works ONLY for the President – Prepare the annual budget proposal – Design his program – Review the progress of executive departments and agencies – Make economic forecasts – Analyze proposed bills

9. President and Regulations Executive Orders – rule or regulation that has the force of law. – Truman – ended segregation in the military – LBJ – began affirmative action

10. Presidential Leadership Effective Presidents have often seen themselves as powerful in preserving or advancing the U.S. – Good persuaders – Go Public – appeals to the people for support instead of dealing only with Congress – Popularity – comes and goes. Depends on economy, foreign events, legislation, etc.