1. Chapter 22: Life in the Industrial Age
Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Section 2: The World of Cities
Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
Section 4: A New Culture

2. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Britain, with its steam-powered factories, once stood alone as the leader of industry
However, by the mid-1800s the Industrial Revolution had spread to other nations

3. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Germany and the U.S. had more coal and iron than Britain
Both nations (copied) made use of British technology
By the late 1800s they (the U.S. and Germany) led the world in industrial product

4. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Political and social problems slowed the growth of industry in the South and East of Europe

5. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
In East Asia, Japan industrialized rapidly after 1868
WHY???
The Treaty of Kanagawa (U.S.)
This was remarkable because of Japan’s lack of natural resources

6. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Factories used interchangeable parts and assembly lines to speed up production
This made goods available in greater quantities than ever before
Question: What effect does an increase in quantity have demand? Price?

7. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
In the mid1800s, companies hired scientists to improve technology
They developed electricity which revolutionized the factory system and left its mark on all of society

8. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
New ways of sending messages: the telegraph and then the telephone sped up communication in all aspects of life, but its development was originally marketed to business and government alone

9. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
The transportation of goods, like communication, sped up and linked nations more closely than they had been before

10. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Economic practices also changed during this time
Buying the new technologies for business was a must, but these machines were not cheap
To pay for them, business owners had to find new ways of raising money (capital)

11. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Capital was raised by selling stock
Stocks are shares of ownership in a company
The late 18800s brought the rise of:
BIG business

12. Section 1: The Industrial Revolution Spreads
Huge corporations, or businesses that are owned by many investors who own stock, soon controlled industry

13. Section 2: The World of Cities
The spread of the Industrial Revolution brought change, especially to the world’s cities
Populations grew rapidly in the 1800s
The population boom came because people were living longer
New farming methods were also producing more food, and improving people’s diets

14. Section 2: The World of Cities
New medical discoveries slowed death rates
Louis Pasteur proved that germs cause disease
Joseph Lister (of Listerine fame) found that antiseptics kill germs

15. Section 2: The World of Cities
Better health habits and cleaner hospitals brought a drop in disease, infections and death

16. Section 2: The World of Cities
As workers moved from farms to factories, cities took on a new look
Department stores and offices lined streets and public squares
In the late 1800s, American builders put up very tall steel-framed buildings called skyscrapers

17. Section 2: The World of Cities
New sewers made cities healthier places
First gas and then electric lights made streets safer
Trolley lines meant people could live miles from their jobs

18. Section 2: The World of Cities
The rich moved to fine homes on the edge of town
The poor crowded into slums near the city center
They lived in run-down tenement buildings near the factories in which they worked

19. Section 2: The World of Cities
In spite of crowds and growing crime rates, people kept moving to the cities

20. Section 2: The World of Cities
Many city factories were unsafe and unhealthy
Men, women and children worked long hours for low pay

21. Section 2: The World of Cities
By the late 1800s, labor unions were legal in most western nations
They called for new laws to improve conditions, limit work hours, and end child labor

22. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
In the late 1800s, people of the industrial world developed new ways of thinking and living
Class systems had always divided western society
The spread of industry changed these systems

23. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
Wealthy industrial and business families joined nobles and rich land owners as members of a small upper class

24. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
The values and practices of a growing middle class shaped western life
The ideal family was made up of two parents and their children
They lived together in a house

25. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
The middle class husband worked in an office or a shop
The wife raised the children and directed the servants

26. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
This ideal never applied to the lower classes
Most working-class women laboured for low pay in factories or as servants

27. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
Some women called for new rights
They entered schools and professions that had banned them
By the late 1800s, some countries let married women control their own property
At the same time, women began asking for voting rights

28. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
In New Zealand, Australia, and some U.S. territories, women won the vote before 1900
In Europe, and most of the U.S., suffrage, or the right to vote, came decades later

29. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
Scientific theories of the 1800s challenged beliefs
In 1859, British naturalist Charles Darwin caused an uproar
He said that humans had developed their present state over millions of years

30. Section 3: Changing Attitudes and Values
This theory of evolution, as it was called, stirred conflicts between religion and science

31. Section 4: A New Culture
Artists, musicians and writers took new directions during the Industrial Age
From about , a movement call romanticism thrived
The romantics appealed to emotion rather than reason

32. They aimed to capture the beauty and force of nature
Section 4: A New Culture
They aimed to capture the beauty and force of nature
Composers used swelling notes to stir feelings
Writers set novels in past times and created a new kind of hero
He was a sad figure, often with a deep secret

33. Section 4: A New Culture
Artists found romance in days gone by
Architects copied old buildings

34. Section 4: A New Culture
The mid-1800s brought a movement known as realism to the West
Realism tried to show the world as it was
They often looked at the harsh sides of life
They told the stories of women without rights
Many realists hoped to improve the society they described

35. In the 1840s, a new art form, photography, emerged
Section 4: A New Culture
In the 1840s, a new art form, photography, emerged
At first most photos were stiff portraits
In time, realists took the camera into factories and slums
Photos captured real life better than paintings could

36. So, in the 1870s, some artists took painting in a new direction
Section 4: A New Culture
So, in the 1870s, some artists took painting in a new direction
A movement called impressionism began in Paris
While earlier artists tried to hide brush strokes, impressionists brushed colors without blending
They created a fresh view of scenes & objects

37. Section 4: A New Culture
The End
Test on Tuesday (10/2)