1. WATER

2. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT A liquid in which a substance dissolves Solvent
Water

3. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT Nature adores balance Wind Wicking
Hot air moving toward cold air
Wicking
Water moving from wet to dry

4. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT
Movement of molecules from region on higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
Diffusion
Moving from high to low
Along the diffusion gradient
Moving from low to high
Against the diffusion gradient

5. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT
Molecules equally distributed in space
Equilibrium

6. Fig. 9.2b

7. Fig. 9.2c

8. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT Membranes that allow molecules to pass through
Permeable, or semipermeable
Plant membranes are semipermeable

10. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT
Natural Movement of substance from one side of a membrane of higher concentration to the other side of lower concentration
Osmosis
Water enters cells via osmosis

13. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT The pressure that would be required to stop osmosis
Osmotic potential
The pressure that develops on the inside of the cell wall
Pressure potential
osmotic potential + pressure potential
Water potential
The ability or a solution to draw water toward it
The more solutes, the higher the water potential

14. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT Pure water Water with more dissolved salts
Higher water potential
Water with more dissolved salts
Lower water potential

15. Solute potential is another name for osmotic potential

16. osmosis Isotonic Water potential same inside and outside of cell
No water movement

17. osmosis Hypotonic Water potential lower inside cell
More solutes inside cell
Water moves into cell

18. osmosis Hypertonic Water potential lower outside cell
More solutes outside cell
Saline water
Water moves out of cell

19. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT Two adjacent cells
One with higher water potential moves water to the one with lower water potential
Water in soil has higher water potential than water inside root cells
Water moves from soil into root cell

20. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT
Salt-contaminated water has lower water potential than root cells
Water moves out of roots
plasmolysis

21. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT The attraction of water inside roots Osmosis
Imbibition
Water attracted to Charged particles inside roots
This is not osmosis
Seeds swell with great force
Lentils breaking box (seed coat)

23. MOLECULAR MOVEMENT Roots expend energy to pump water inside plant
Active transport
Water at tips of leaves in morning
Guttation through hydathodes
Night time
No transpiration
Active transport saturates plant until pushing out tip

24. TRANSPIRATION More than 90% of water evaporated through stomata
Corn plant transpires 4 gallons a week

25. TRANSPIRATION Water moves through xylem by attractive forces
Cohesion
Water molecules attracted to each other
Train
As water molecule evaporates out stomata, pulls the train through the roots

26. Fig. 9.10

27. Water molecules Cohesion Adhesion
Water molecules attraction to each other
Adhesion
Water molecules attraction to surfaces

29. transpiration
Openings on bottom of leaf
Stomata

30. transpiration Guard cells open and close stomata
Controls turgor pressure with potassium ions
Absorb K
Guard cells swell with water and open stomata
Departure of k
Guard cells shrink and close stomata

31. Translocation Sugar (food) produced in leaves
High concentration of sugar solution
Source cell
Sugar (food) solution moves to lower concentration cells
Sink cells
Roots
Storage cells