1. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Vertex Detector Overview and DSSD readout/trigger M. Hazumi (KEK) Overall Design Consideration Silicon Strip Readout Scheme Fast Trigger Plan Outline

2. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Overall Design Consideration Time-dependent CP Violation –In physics beyond the SM (e.g. B0   ’Ks,  Ks) –Time-dependent analyses for  1,  2 Time dependence in rare decays Special time-dependence [e.g. sin(2  1+  3)] Present resolution is adequate for signal events. However, Better resolution is required to separate signal from continuum Physics Requirements Better resolution is required for signal events.

3. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi  z resolution function Resolution is improved by narrower main Gaussian smaller 2 nd Gaussian component (e.g. tail) smaller beampipe radius less material robustness against fake hits small background occupancy more layers

4. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Z rr Impact parameter resolution (SVD1.4) Sufficient to measure sin2phi1, but not for rare decays

5. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi SVD1.4 5-layer SVD (a la Inner Tracker taskforce) Resolution with Rbp=1cm and Strip pitch = 50um Meet the Super KEKB requirement Further improvement possible by reducing material (expecially beampipe and the innermost pixel, as well as having a larger lever arm

6. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Better Impact Parameter Resolution Smaller-radius beampipe  Rbp = 1cm Good intrinsic resolution  50um or less Smaller amount of material  need studies ½ of present resolution seems feasible. 1/3 of present should be tried !

7. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Occupancy guesstimation vs. R (= DSSD radius) Trigger simulation study desirable Pixel for R < 3cm Pipeline for R < 10cm Large ambiguity even with dedicated simulation. Need to take the safe side.

8. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Rbp = 1cm 2-layer Pixel 3 or more DSSDs Rcdc > 15cm Configuration of SuperB VXD 15cm Extrapolating present hit rate and requiring the hit rate being less than the present, Rcdc > 12cm is “probably no problem”. DSSD w/ Pipeline readout CDC Additional DSSD layers

9. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Requirements on Silicon Strip Readout Good S/N (> 20) Small Occupancy (< 5%) Small Deadtime ( < 10usec/event ) Radiation Hardness (up to 40Mrad) Fast Trigger Capability External Noise Immunity (tolerance for CMN ~1000e-) Readiness in 2006 (“Evolution” rather than “Revolution”) Choice of readout chip is essential.

10. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Readout chips for DSSDs Exp chip process pipeline fasttrig principle Belle VATA AMS 0.8umxo cnt. Shaping. Analogue BaBar AtoM Honeywellox Time-over-Threshold CLEO FE/BE Honeywellxx on-hybrid ADC, Digital ZEUS Helix AMS 128cellsx Analogue (non-radhard) CDF II SVX4 IBM ? um 47cellsx FE/BE architecture double-corr. Sampling periodic reset, Digital CMS APV25 IBM 0.25um 192cells x Analogue ATLAS ABCD? 132cellsx Binary LHCb SICA-VELO DMILL BEETLE 0.25um 160cells? Analogue (BelleFELIX(+TA) AMS0.35um O(100)o Analogue)

11. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi APV25 for CMS Silicon Tracker Tp = 50nsec, 40MHz sampling Pipeline depth = 192cells  4.8usec 128ch/chip  readout latency well below 10usec Reasonable S/N –246e- + 36e-/pF ( + deconvolution effect) Usage for “DC beam” (B factory)  S/N degradation by ~12%

12. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Deadtime-less pipeline Readout time = 1/20MHz x 128ch = 6.4us No deadtime during readout (unless the address FIFO is full). Also periodic reset is not necessary (continuous shaping). 192-cell ring buffer (4.8us) address stored in 32-depth FIFO is skipped. write pointer read pointer Trigger 32-depth FIFO (to store cell address) (3 consecutive cells / event)

13. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi APV25 test setup in Vienna APV Hybrid and APV Hybrid+silicon detector Repeater APV sequencer VME-I 2 C VME-ADC VME PC control software clock/trig/reset/power Clock Analog Data I2CI2C Contract-related issues should be solved to use APV25 at Super KEKB.

14. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi K. Uchida

15. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi L1.5-like L1 with APV25 SVD2 adopts L1.5 trigger used as “abort” for other CDC/ACC/TOF/ECL/KLM … work as “L1” for SVD L1.5-like L1 for all detector components as SuperB A plausible solution CDC trigger used as “L0” for SVD (latency should be less than 4us) Cost ? Proposal by Manfred Pernicka (Vienna) APV25 ADC 20MHz (or 40MHz) 128ch 6.4us (= T 0 ) L1.5-like L1 trigger FPGA CDC trigger L1 ~2T 0 2T 0 +  Total latency depends on the choice of the chip can be shorter

16. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Real L1 trigger from VXD No “readily available” solution Chip modifications ? –APV25 with fast trigger –Felix + TA (“all IDEAS” solution) Pipelined VATA in other words Dedicated detector ? –Straw tube (high resistivity) for z information ? Large amount of R&D may be required. Need to know if L1 from VXD is really needed (e.g. simulation studies).

17. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Three issues Short bunch-crossing period at KEKB (2ns) –Essentially DC beam (collisions happen anytime) –40MHz pipeline can be off-timing by 12.5ns; ¼ of the peaking time (Tp = 50ns)  S/N degradation probably tolerable Requirement for fast SVD trigger (L1) –L1 group thinks it essential to have the fast SVD trg. –No available readout chip that has both pipeline readout and fast triggering capability. –L1.5-like L1 seems the plausible solution (other detector components need sufficient buffer length) Contract –It may not be so easy to use existing chips Development of our own pipeline chips ?

18. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Possible scenario for VTX readout Default option –hybrid pixel detector for the innermost layer (or two) –DSSD with pipeline readout for other layers –L1.5-like L1 trigger Backup for pixel –mini-strip DSSD with pipeline readout on Day 1 –real pixel detector for upgrade Option –TA-like fast trigger (need a pipelined VATA)

19. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Schedule Oct. 26, 021 st SuperB VTX meeting late Nov.022 nd SuperB VTX meeting late Dec.02 or Jan.033 rd SuperB VTX meeting Feb.03LCPAC report …. monthly meetings for progress reports …. Aug.03 or Sep.03HL04 workshop  LoI Feb (?) 04Official proposal to LCPAC

20. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi R&D items for Pixel: initial assignments Sim. study for Pixel requirements Background study and IR design(Yamamoto) TRACKERR study on thickness and pixel size (Trabelsi) GEANT preparation (if necessary)(Hara) Hybrid pixel detector development joint effort with HPK (e.g. floating pixel)(Hazumi) Bump bonding (with HPK or else) Thinning Monolithic pixel detector development (Palka) Pixel readout chip selection gaining experience with ALICE pixel(Kawasaki, Tanaka) Hawaii R&D  beamtest ?(Varner) Cooling, mechanical structure (Rosen) Monitoring (Tsuboyama)

21. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi R&D items for DSSD: initial assignments pipeline readout chip gaining experience with APV25(Kawasaki) Discussion with IDEAS(Hazumi) Backend electronics Trigger L1.5-like L1(Pernicka**) Detector configuration Large-area detector floating strip design(Tsuboyama, Hazumi) Cooling, mechanical structure (Rosen) Monitoring (Tsuboyama) ** To be confirmed

22. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Backup Slides

23. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Hit rate (occupancy) guesstimation SVD occupancy (now) = 3~5% (innermost) Assume occupancy  annual dose –Annual dose estimated to be 7.3MRad at super KEKB (r=1cm beampipe, see EoI for detail) Assume DSSD with the same pitch but with the length scaled to be half For r=1cm beampipe, DSSD occupancy ~ 274% for an area of 50um x 2.7cm and Tp = 1usec (time window for noise ~ 3usec.) –Need pixel detectors To achieve 1% occupancy, pixel size of 50um x 100um is required. –Requirement relaxed for faster time window.

24. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Inner Tracker Task Force (2000) Rbp = 1cm 5layer DSSDs VATA1 readout Fast trigger

25. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Material Budget LC VTX  more ambitious design. Cf. NIM A473 (2001) 86 Thin CCD (0.12% X0) Beryllium substrate (0.09% X0)  Goal : 4  4/(psin3/2theta) (um) ! SVD1.42.60% (X0) 5layer3.37% (X0)

26. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Requirement on readout latency Trigger Rate for 10^35cm^-2s^-1 expect. design Background2kHz 5kHz Physics1kHz 1kHz Datasize100kB 100kB L1 Data flow300MB/s 600MB/s At storage150MB/s 225MB/s ~10usec/event for 5% deadtime @ 5kHz trigger rate Rather difficult with present scheme Pipeline scheme is better.

27. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Fast readout Column-parallel CCDs –Incread readout speed by two orders of magnitude Provide each column with its own output port Clocking the imaging region at 50MHz –~65Gpixels/s  readout time of ~50us –Beampipe radius = 10mm

28. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Requirements on pixel Size ~ 50um x 100um for occupancy ~1% Thickness < 300um to minimize Coulomb scattering Rad hard up to 30MRad (for 4years operation) S/N >= 20 CMN < 500e- Fast readout

29. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi R&D on a fast CCD vertex detector (A. R. Gillman NIM A473 (2001) 86) Demand for LC Present best = SLD VXD3 –Res.(rphi) = 9 + 33/(p x sin3/2theta) [um] –Res.(rz) = 17+33/(p x sin3/2theta) [um] –Material : 0.4% X0/layer) –Beampipe radius = 24mm

30. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Requirements for LC VXD SLD VXD3  LC VXD –Res.(rphi) = 4 + 4/(p x sin3/2theta) [um] –Res.(rz) = 4 + 4/(p x sin3/2theta) [um] –Material : 0.06% X0/layer) –Beampipe radius = 10mm

31. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi CLEO III FE/BE FE (front-end chip) –Preamp+shaper+gainstage –CR-RC shaper –Shaping time 0.7 ~ 3.0us –Baseline subtraction circuit –Similar to VA BE (back-end chip) –Based on SVX-2b back-end – 128 8-bit Wilkinson ADCs, comparators and FIFO buffers

32. miniDAQ workshopOctober 29 – 30, 2002M. Hazumi Better impact parameter resolution –Smaller-radius beampipe  Rbp = 1cm –Good intrinsic resolution  50um good enough –Optimized material budget  Yamada-san will think about it. Reasonable hit rate (occupancy) –IR and mask design  Simulation done with Rbp = 1cm –Higher CDC hit rate  DSSD up to R = 15cm (2PXD + 4~5DSSD) Readout electronics  ~ 10us/event for 5% deadtime at 5kHz –Fast readout for pixel  Talk by Andrzej Bozek –Pipeline readout for strip  APV25 etc. : optimization for DC beam ? Trigger capability –Fast (level 1) trigger ?  ? : APV25 with fast trig, Felix+TA –Level 2 trigger  Feasible (difficulty depends on required latency) Radiation hardness –Deep-submicron technology  0.25um OK up to 30Mrad Choice of sensors –Pixel (MAPS, hybrid, CCD)  Talk by Andrzej Bozek –Large area DSSDs  Technology already available Installation in 2006  Established technologies as much as possible Overall Design Consideration (Summary)