1. Managing the Second Step: Why Organisational Initiatives Fail Patrick Ayre Department of Applied Social Studies University of Bedfordshire email: pga@patrickayre.co.uk web: http://patrickayre.co.uk

3. Policy and practice Policy may be aimed at achieving broad aspirational objectives Local practice aims at achieving narrow pragmatic objectives This tendency is exacerbated by management by targets

4. Young people abused through prostitution Policy: Young people engaged in prostitution will be treated as children at risk rather than as offenders Practice: Virtually no effect on child care practice in most parts of the country