1. Evidence based prevention - The Icelandic Model JÓN SIGFÚSSON ICSRA ©ICSRA 2015

2. Substance use decrease amongst 15-16 year old adolescents

3. Substance Use Amongst European Youth (ESPAD, 2011)

4. Youth in Europe until 2015

5. The role of research

6. Indicators for 15 – 16 year old Health status indicators, anxiety, depressive symptoms, physical health status, lifestyle and leisure time activities, local community networks, negative life events and strain, parents and family, peer group economic and psychological issues, studies and school, substance use, values and attitudes, violence and delinquency, and more…

7. The twofold use of research 1. Scientific 2. Practical

8. The scientific role of research 1.In depth analysis of the data 2.Over 70 peer reviewed publications 3.Science forms the platform for practice

9. The practical role of research 1.Data collections on substance use regularly through schools 2.Practical descriptive reports immediately to the municipalities 3.Local information INTO all levels of prevention work is KEY

10. Prevention approach background

11. Upward trend 1992 - 1998

12. 1998 At this point of time research had already showed us that certain circumstances and behaviour in the lives of adolescents were strongly connected with use We tried to establish the risk and protective factors

13. The main risk and protective factors Extracurricular activities, sports

14. And analysing deeper Extracurricular activities, sports Time spent with parents Support Monitoring Control Positive and negative effects. How we as parents approach the peer group Staying outside late Hanging out in malls Inside and outside of school, at home, bullying e.t.c. Organized activities vs. unorganized

15. 1998 Drug-free Iceland Based on these findings a research based action plan was initiated by the government with the aim to try out a totally new methodology in substance use prevention Obviously, what we had been doing before, was not working. Police – frighten – ugly advertising campaigns – try to make children be responsible for their own well being

16. Aim of Drug-free Iceland To change the actual behaviour of youth and not only their attitudes Change the life-style environment of our children so that they would be in lesser risk of substance use

17. The methodology

18. Our focus is primary prevention Primary prevention, preventing the development of substance use before it starts. Secondary prevention, that refers to measures that detect substance use Tertiary prevention efforts that focus on people already abusing substances

19. Main actions: Based on research findings

20. Examples of local actions 1.Research as a basis for policy and actions 2.Strengthen parent organizations and co-operation with schools 3.Support extracurricular activities / sports 4.Support active NGOs’ 5.Support young people at risk inside schools 6.Anti smoking / drinking campaigns 7.Strengthen social capital

21. Examples of national actions 1.Legal age of adulthood raised from 16 to 18 years 2.Age limits to buy tobacco and alcohol (18 and 20) 3.Strict regulations for sellers of tobacco and alcohol 4.Advertising ban of tobacco and alcohol 5.Restricted access to buying alcohol and tobacco 6.Rules on outside hours for adolescents 7.Visibility ban of tobacco and alcohol

22. Tobacco and chewing gum

23. Peanuts and Gin

24. The scientific isolation needed to be broken

25. The researchers “guru” approach

26. Focus on close community An average figure on alcohol use in Lithuania does not help prevention workers in Kaunas for example. “Average” doesn´t tell all the story! Local information is a key element in primary prevention. Importance of schools in data collections

27. School importance in local context In order for prevention workers to be able to work locally: Important that as many schools as possible take part Without good cooperation with schools – local work is hard Makes it possible to address local issues Pupils who attend different schools can be very different

28. The way we work now

29. What is gained? Less health problems Less crime / imprisonments Less social benefits cost Less unemployment Less rehabilitation cost Less broken families etc., etc.

30. In general for the past 15 years Regular monitoring in cooperation with schools Strengthened the protective factors Weakened the risk factors

31. …and substance use is going down

32. Thank you 2015