1. Wings in Polarized Light 10µ Polarized light 50x objective lens Polarized Light 50x objective lens

2. Optical vs. Dark Field Scales Transmitted light microscope Scales Dark Field Microscope 50 µ

3. Optical vs. Dark Field 50µ Fringe Scales Reflected Light Microscope Fringe Scales Dark Field Microscope

4. Dark Field Images Channel with Sensor and scales 50 µ

5. Light vs. Dark Field 10µ Reflected light microscope showing scale detail Dark Field microscope showing scale detail

6. Interference Microscope Single scale in damaged section Sensory channel in wing 30µ

7. Interference Microscope 30µ 15µ 10µ Microscope gives a greater depth of field than regular light microscopes Detail of Sensory Channel

8. Interference Microscope 30µ Attachment stubs for wings

9. Torn edge of wing 30µ

10. SEM Images Lower Scales: width ~75µ length ~100µ Covering scales: width ~50µ length ~125 µ Attachment Point Spacing ~ 32µ

11. SEM Images Detached Scales showing attachment stubs Tip Detail and Ribbing Pattern

12. SEM Images Pattern of scale lattice

13. Area Analyzed with Microprobe

14. Microprobe Spectral Analysis of Wing

30. Acknowledgements John Hunt Nevjinder Singhota Kevin Dilley Jane Earle Jeevak Parpia