1. The Participle A participle is a verb that can be used as an adjective. Present Participle end in -ing Example: No one could comfort the crying baby

2. Participle Phrase Participle Phrase consists of a participle and its modifiers and complements. The entire phrase is used as an adjective. Example: Hiking their way through the thick brush, the hikers soon grew tired.

3. Other participles Since a participle is a verb used as an adjective, an -ed ending can be used as well. Example: Frightened by the noise, I looked up.

4. The Gerund A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun. Noun:Diving can be dangerous Direct Object: Mattie has always enjoyed jogging in the park Indirect Object: Always give learning your full attention

5. Gerund Phrase Consists of a gerund and its modifiers and compliments. The entire phrase is used as a noun. Example Playing the piano will increase your dexterity. What are some benefits of spending time with your family?