1. Chemistry
The study of Chemical & Physical Properties and Changes of Matter Is not just blowing stuff up!

2. Chemistry What is Chemistry? What is Matter?
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
All stuff around you is matter
All “Stuff” is made up of substances or mixtures

3. Substances v. Mixture
Substance – A single kind of matter that is pure, has a specific makeup or composition no matter where it came from.
Demo: Discuss Water, Salt & Sugar

4. Substances v. Mixture Substances consists of
Atoms/ Molecules / Compounds that are the same throughout.

5. Substance + Substance = Mixture
Substances v. Mixture
Mixture
Made of two or more substances – (elements, compounds or both) that are together in the same place, but NOT chemically combined.
Cl- Element Substance
Na+ Element Substance
H2O Compound Substance
Substance + Substance = Mixture

6. Filter: Pure Substance Leftover
Substances v. Mixture
If it’s a mixture, you can separate it.
(i.e. filtering/distilling)
Drain
Fill
Filter: Pure Substance Leftover
Mixture
Pure Substance
Demo: filter anything

7. Filter: Pure Substance Leftover
Substances v. Mixture
If its a Substance, you cannot separate it.
You cannot filter water from its self and come out with something different.
Drain
Fill
Filter: Pure Substance Leftover
Mixture
Pure Substance
Demo: filter water

8. Mixture = Substance + Substance
Substances v. Mixture
In other words:
Elements and compounds are pure substances, a mixture is not, but rather a mixture of two different compounds/ elements.
Mixture = Substance + Substance

9. Problem!
How can you identify a specific substance?

10. We use Properties to identify them!
Solution!!!
We use Properties to identify them!
I know, I know…
what are properties?

11. Properties of Matter
Properties are the “identifying characteristics” of substances.
All substances have their own properties unlike any other substance.
You can Identify all substances if you know enough of the properties

12. Properties of Matter There are two properties of Matter: Physical
Chemical

13. Two Types of Properties
Physical:
Describes the physical characteristics / attributes of the substance.
Qualitative: what the substance looks like, feels like, tastes like, smells like, sounds like.
Quantitative: numerical properties such as phase at certain temperatures, density, melting/freezing point, etc.
Chemical:
How a substance reacts with other substances.

14. Going Further
Sometimes it’s a bit difficult to determine the substance simply because they look too much alike.
What can you do?
Another way we can tell them apart is by how they react with other substances.

15. Chemical Properties Recap
How a substance reacts with other substances. + =
Fizzing

16. Clarification
Chemical properties is really determined by how a substance reacts or does not react to other substances (to make a new substance).
Examples of some Chemical Properties:
i.e. iron will react with oxygen to produce rust.
i.e. Silver reacts with sulfur to form tarnish
i.e. Gold does NOT react with oxygen or sulfur
i.e. Baking Soda is NOT flammable (does not react to oxygen)

17. Chemical & Physical Change
Properties help us to identify substances – but when we actually DO / TRY something, and it actually changes as a result – we say it under-went a chemical or physical change.
It all depends on whether or not the substance changed into something new or not.

18. Definitions Physical Change: Indicators of a Physical Change:
Any time you alter the substance, but it’s still the same substance.
Indicators of a Physical Change:
Phase change
Mixing (Not reacting)
Change in shape or size
Expected Change of Color
Any kind of change that does not change what it is
Demo: Melting Ice, squishing clay, breaking glass, dissolving sugar, bending wire, crushing a can, getting paper wet, melting wire, mixing kool-aid, evaporating water.

19. Definitions Chemical Change: Indicators of a Chemical Change:
Any time you react the substance with another substance – and it changes into another substance.
Indicators of a Chemical Change:
Fire
Change of Energy: i.e. Heat, Light & Sound
Bubbling - production of gas
Unexpected Change of Color
Precipitate (getting a solid from mixing two liquids)
Demo: Fire, cooking an egg, whoosh bottle, burning steel wool, electrolysis, litmus paper, rust, tarnished candle sticks,

20. Physical Chemical Properties Change
Describes the physical characteristics of the substance.
Hardness, texture, phase, etc.
Metallic Luster, Dull, Solid, fibrous, malleable
Describes how the substance reacts with other substances.
Iron + Oxygen  Rust
Silver + Sulfur  Tarnish
Gold + Oxygen  No change
Paper + Oxygen (fire)  Ash
A physical alteration of the substance but still the same substance.
Indicators:
Phase change
Mixture (Dissolve)
Shape / Size change
Expected Color Change
Two substances interact to form another substance.
Fire
Light, Sound, Heat
Producing a gas (Fizz/Bubble)
Unexpected color change
Precipitate
Properties
Change

21. Substance + Substance  New Substance + New Substance
Chemical Change
Substance + Substance  New Substance + New Substance

22. Chemical Changes Examples of Chemical Change Electrolysis
(Breaking down water into hydrogen and oxygen)
Reaction Indicators:
Bubbles form
H2 Reacts with Oxygen
Demo: Chemical
Electrolysis

23. Chemical Changes Examples of Chemical Change Oxidation:
(Rusting of Iron from the Oxygen in the air)
Reaction Indicators:
Change of Color
Demo: Chemical
Rusting Steel Wool
Burning Mg

24. Chemical Changes Examples of Chemical Change Tarnishing:
Silver mixing with sulfur in the air producing a dark coating.
Reaction Indicators:
Change of Color
Demo: Chemical
Candlestick

25. Chemical Changes Precipitation Indication
Mixing two liquids and getting a solid out of it.
Indication
Color Change

26. Physical Change Indicators Chemical Change Indicators
The substance has not changed into something new
The physical appearance may have changed, but the substance is still the same.
There is no energy conversion – only heat or electricity has gone through it, but not converted into another form of energy.
The substance has reacted with another substance.
The substance has changed into another substance.
Energy has been converted from one form into another.
i.e. chemical  heat & light