1. Matter: Properties and Changes
Chapter 5
Mrs. Shaw

2. Lesson 1: LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the states of matter
Compare the physical and chemical properties of matter
Describe how matter is measured to calculate mass, volume and density

3. Review of the States of Matter
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
What are the states of matter?
FOUR STATES OF MATTER
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

4. Shape & Volume of Matter
Type of Matter
Shape & volume
How are Atoms moving?
Attractive force between atoms
Solid
Definite shape and volume
vibrating
Strong – holding them together
Liquid
Definite volume but no definite shape
Sliding past each other
Weaker force than solids
Gas
No definite shape and volume
Atoms moving fast and free
Very weak attractive force
Plasma
(Not in book)
No definite shape or volume
Atoms moving fast and free with an electrical charge

5. What do the particles (atoms) look like in each state of matter?

6. Physical Properties of Matter
Mass and weight:
Mass = amount of matter in an object
Weight = mass X gravitational pull of Earth
Volume: the amount of space an object takes up
Density: the amount of matter in an object divided by the volume. D = m/v OR
L x w x h = cm3

7. More Physical Properties of Matter
Conductivity: the ability of an object or substance to conduct electricity.
Boiling Point: the temperature in which the liquid changes to gas (Water = 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Farenheit)
Melting Point: the temp in which a solid becomes a liquid (Water = 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Farenheit)

8. More Physical Properties of Matter
Solubility: the ability of an object to dissolve in another
Magnetism: the ability of an object to attract a magnetic force

9. What Physical properties of matter can we use to identify it?
We can use Density and Melting Point to identify matter because they do not depend on the size of the sample.

10. Chemical Properties of Matter
Chemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
Examples:
Flammability: the ability of a type of substance to burn easily.
Most flammable = Hydrogen (H) gas
Ability to Rust: the ability of a type of substance to form rust when it reacts to exposure of oxygen and water.
Most likely to Rust = Metals with Iron (Fe)

11. Lesson 2: LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Identify the types of changes of matter – physical and chemical
Compare the signs of physical and chemical changes of matter
Describe how mass is conserved when a chemical reaction occurs (Law of Conservation of Mass)

12. Physical Changes of Matter
A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does NOT change the matter’s identity is called a physical change.

13. Dissolving and Changing States
Because the chemical properties of the substances in dissolving and changing states stay the same they are considered to be physical changes.

14. Chemical Changes
A chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into another substance with different chemical properties

15. Signs of a Chemical Change
Formation of Gas Explosion
Formation of precipitate Odor change
Color change

16. Energy and Chemical Change
Some chemical changes release thermal, light, and sound energy.
Some chemical changes need thermal energy for them to occur.

17. Law of Conservation of Mass
Law states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction.