1. WESTERN ARCTIC SHELF-BASIN INTERACTIONS (SBI) PHASE 2 FIELD PROJECT OVERVIEW Jacqueline M. Grebmeier SBI Project Office, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee, 37932, USA ARCSS All Hands Meeting Seattle, Washington February 20, 2002 http://utk-biogw.bio.utk.edu/SBI.nsf

2. Overall hypothesis: climate change will significantly and preferentially impact the physical and biological linkages between arctic shelves and the adjacent ocean basins Focus area: outer shelf, shelf break and upper slope, where key processes control water mass exchange and biogeochemical cycles greatest responses to climate change are expected US SBI: focus is Chukchi and Beaufort seas and slopes SBI Goal and Focus

3. General schematic of SBI study area and research topics

4. USCGC HEALY USCGC POLAR STARSEA RVALPHA HELIX SBI Field Program 2002 and 2004 USCGC HEALY  6 May-15 June (Nome-Nome, AK)  17 July-26 August (Nome-Nome, AK) USCGC POLAR STAR  July (Dutch Harbor-return, AK) RV ALPHA HELIX  June (Dutch Harbor-Nome, AK) 2003 USCGC/TBD  1-30 July (Nome-Nome, AK) RV ALPHA HELIX  June USCGC POLAR STAR RV ALPHA HELIX

5. SBI Phase II-Field Program

6. SERVICE FIELD MEASUREMENTS: (Swift et al.):  CTD-based temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen measurements (Swift)  Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data (Padman, Münchow)  In situ-fluorescence and transmissivity  Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) measurements  Rosette for discrete water sampling  Determination of inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, dissolved silicon, ammonium) (Whitledge, Codispoti), chlorophyll-a (Whitledge & Stockwell), salinity, and dissolved oxygen (Swift)  Underway surface observations, including temperature, salinity and meteorological data (Swift et al.) SBI Service Field Measurements

7. Service Program CTD Rosette: Swift et al.; 4 casts with two 12-10L and two 12-30L bottle configurations

8. SBI Process Studies-Water Column (10 projects, plus service measurements) RATE MEASUREMENTS FOR PROCESS CRUISES (details in SBI water column sampling spreadsheet in meeting folder)  Primary production, nutrient uptake, biomass, pigments, optics (Cota)  Stable oxygen isotopes (Cooper)  POC/N, DOC/N, DIC (Hansell and Bates)  Bacterial production, biomass, respiration (Kirchman)  Microzooplankton biomass and grazing (Sherr and Sherr)  Biomarkers (Harvey and Benner)  Sediment metabolism (Grebmeier)  Denitrification (Christensen/Devol)  Radium isotopes (Kadko)  POC/N export, flux, w/thorium, lead, and radium isotopes (Moran)

9. Glenn Cota: primary production, optics, satellite Active optical sensor Passive optical sensor

10. On deck incubator for dilution assays Inflow buffer ~ 36 inches ~ 52 inches Lexan tube, 6” diameter x 22 “ long, holes drilled in sides to allow water flow Ashjian, Campbell, Sherr(s), Smith-zooplankton studies

11. SBI-Macro/Meso Zooplankton Field Studies (4 projects)  Macro-zooplankton biomass and production (Ashjian and Campbell, Smith and Lane)  Zooplankton abundance via sensors on CTD (Ashjian, Gallagher & Benfield)  C-13, N-15 stable isotope analyses of macro/meso- zooplankton (Dunton)

12. Ring Net Carin Ashjian/Bob Campbell (zooplankton) Our ring nets will be ~1m in diameter and up to 6 m long Used for –Vertical tows (ship stationary) –Oblique tows (ship moving) Used off the side of the ship

13. Bongo Nets Sharon Smith/Peter Lane (zooplankton) Deployed off the side Towed either vertically (ship stationary; ice) or obliquely (ship moving; no ice)

14. MOCNESS Deployed off stern using 0.68” conducting wire MOCNESS being deployed MOCNESS ready on deck

15. SBI Benthic Field Studies (5 projects)  Benthic macrofaunal biomass, metabolism (Grebmeier and Cooper)  C-13, N-15 of benthic fauna (Dunton)  Denitrification (Christensen and Devol)  Biomarkers, sediment DOC flux w/Grebmeier (Harvey and Benner)  Sedimentation rates and mixing: Th-234, Pb-210 (Moran)

16. Van Veen (Grebmeier and Cooper)

17. HAPS CorerHAPS Multicorer

18. SBI Off-ship Field Studies  denitrification/sediment metabolism (Christensen and Devol)  sea ice algal production and physical properties (Gradinger and Eicken)  off-ship access needed for both projects: deployment on ice at start of station via basket or helicopter operations, as necessary; if by helicopter, possible coordination with USWFS objectives

19. Multi-corer, Soutar core, and off-ice mini-lander (John Christensen and Al Devol)

20. Ice sampling: ice algae and properties (Rolf Gradinger and Hajo Eicken)

21. Marine Mammals and Seabird Surveys- USFWS 2002: Marc Webber (USFWS) bird and marine mammal surveys from bridge coordinate/assist with Hajo Eicken’s ice observations opportunistically test images on helo missions when time, ice, walrus observed; externally mounted video housing note spring helo ops limited: marine mammal hunt

22. Data Management  JOSS (Joint Office for Science Support) responsible for both shipboard field catalog and land-based data management (Dirks & Moore) Remote Sensing  Need to provide regional and basin scale spatial and temporal coverage (needs: Cota, Gradinger & Eicken, Maslowski, Pickart, Weingartner et al.) SBI Process Studies (relevant Healy cruise)

23. Time Series Moorings  conductivity/salinity, temperature, ADCP (Weingartner, Aagaard & Woodgate, Pickart)  biochemical sensors: nutrient, chlorophyll, transmissivity (pending) Modelling  biophysical coupled modelling: (Maslowski and Walsh)  sea-ice modelling (Gradinger and Eicken) Winter sampling  helicopter study (Christensen & Melling)  April 2003 US Navy ice camp Other Core SBI Studies

24. Research takes the teacher and the classroom beyond the textbook science. Inquiry-based experiences that show science as a human endeavor, and the relevance of science to societal issues. Science will come “alive” in the classroom. Why Would A Teacher Participate?

25. 2002: Field Program Media release: April 2002 PIs arrive Nome: May 4 (spring)/July 14 (summer) Healy arrives Nome: May 5/July 15 Healy departs Nome: May 6-7/July 16-17 Healy returns Nome: June 15/August 26 SBI PIs depart ship: June 15/August 26 SBI 2 PI meeting: winter 2003; pan-Arctic meeting (fall 2003: Europe) Mooring cruises: June (Alpha Helix), July/August (TBD) Survey cruise: July (TBD) SBI Project Office SBI 2003